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Union Bosses’ Bad Week Just Got A Lot Worse: Obama’s NLRB ‘Recess’ Appointments Ruled Unconstitutional

Sith Lord Chess

Let the union bosses’ whining and institutional Left’s spin begin.

Just as it was thought that union bosses’ bad week couldn’t get any worse, it just got a lot worse.

On Friday morning, a federal appeals court has agreed unanimously that Barack Obama’s “recess” appointments to the National Labor Relations Board were unconstitutional.

On January 4, 2012, Barack Obama took it upon himself to declare the United States Senate in recess and decided to make ‘recess appointments’ to the National Labor Relations Board to replace SEIU and AFL-CIO attorney Craig Becker, as well as Teamster attorney Wilma Leibman, both of whose terms had expired.

Obama’s unilateral decision to abuse his executive powers was met with an immediate outcry from Republicans, as well as other groups since the Senate was not technically in recess.

As a result, when Noel Canning lost a decision due to Obama’s union appointees at the NLRB, it appealed its case, arguing that Obama’s appointments were unconstitutional.

The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington agree–unanimously.

via Bloomberg:

The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington in a unanimous ruling today sided with Republican lawmakers and a canning company that challenged the appointments. The judges said the definition of “the Recess” in the Constitution’s Recess Appointments Clause is limited to the period between one Congress and the next, and that Congress had begun a new session at the time the president made the appointments.

“Considering the text, history and structure of the Constitution, these appointments were invalid from their inception,” U.S. Circuit Judge David Sentelle wrote. [Emphasis added.]

‘This Will Not Do.’

According to the Court’s decision, Obama’s Office of Legal Counsel essentially argued that the President, not the Senate, has the authority to declare that the Senate is in recess.

This argument was strongly rebuked by the Court:

The fourth and final possible interpretation of “the Recess,” advocated by the Office of Legal Counsel, is a variation of the functional interpretation in which the President has discretion to determine that the Senate is in recess. See 2012 OLC Memo, supra, at 23 (“[T]he President therefore has discretion to conclude that the Senate is unavailable to perform its advise and-consent function and to exercise his power to make recess appointments.”). This will not do. Allowing the President to define the scope of his own appointments power would eviscerate the Constitution’s separation of powers. The checks and balances that the Constitution places on each branch of government serve as “self-executing safeguard[s] against the encroachment or aggrandizement of one branch at the expense of the other. Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 122 (1976). An interpretation of “the Recess” that permits the President to decide when the Senate is in recess would demolish the checks and balances inherent in the advice-and-consent requirement, giving the President free rein to appoint his desired nominees at any time he pleases, whether that time be a weekend, lunch, or even when the Senate is in session and he is merely displeased with its inaction. This cannot be the law. The intersession interpretation of “the Recess” is the only one faithful to the Constitution’s text, structure, and history. [pp 25 & 26, emphasis added]

Now that the Court has ruled that Obama’s NLRB was appointed unconstitutionally, the Administration may choose to appeal it to the Supreme Court.

According to the Associated Press:

The Obama administration is expected to appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court, but if it stands, it means hundreds of decisions issued by the board over more than a year are invalid. It also would leave the five-member labor board with just one validly appointed member, effectively shutting it down. The board is allowed to issue decisions only when it has at least three sitting members.

However, as Moe Lane noted:

I know what you’re thinking, Barry: You’re thinking Does the Other Side have four Supreme Court Justices in its corner, or five? Well, to tell the truth, in all this excitement I kind of lost track, myself.

But being as there’s about a year’s worth of rulings at stake – rulings that will make your allies very mad if they’re all thrown out – you’ve got to ask yourself one question: Do I feel lucky?

Well? Do ya… punk?

Though even a close SCOTUS decision is probably unlikely, we should know soon if Barack Obama wants to try his luck before the Supremes.
______________________

“Truth isn’t mean. It’s truth.”
Andrew Breitbart (1969-2012)

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Cross-posted on LaborUnionReport.com

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COMMENTS

  • northfloridawriter

    It’s about time this happened. Obama has repeatedly shown that he thinks himself to be Monarch and the source of law. This needs to happen more and often, and he needs to be put in his place once and for all. His job is to be an Administrator (even though not qualified), but nowhere does he have authority to dictate Senate procedures, EVEN IF HARRY REID GOES ALONG WITH EVERYTHING HE DOES. These guys are despicable.
    Thank you, DC Circuit, for reaching the right solution to a case which should have never been required in the first place.

  • danilaw

    “The more you tighten your grip, Obama, the more powerl slip through your fingers.”

    That was a total slap-down!

    It sounds like his overreach is finally catching up with him. Unanimous decision!

  • Jack_Savage

    Looks like South Carolina is fixin’ to get a Boeing plant, and some pampered, overpaid militant jerks in Seattle will not be sleeping quite as well tonight.

  • tscottme2

    We should pressure GOP Senators to vote “no” on re-appointment any of these unconstitutional appointments. They must make Obama pay for his actions. The GOP should not even discuss the merits of any of these men and simply say “no” because Obama tried to ram them through.

    I despair for this nation when there isn’t even token resistance to the most offensive Constitutional insult by this man.

  • lineholder

    LUR, what is the scope of jurisdiction on this Judge’s ruling? Because the Chairman of the NLRB basically just told the court where it could go.

    http://www.nlrb.gov/news/statement-chairman-pearce-recess-appointment-ruling
    Quote:
    “In the meantime, the Board has important work to do. The parties who come to us seek and expect careful consideration and resolution of their cases, and for that reason, we will continue to perform our statutory duties and issue decisions.”

  • jimmyg

    This decision is not a narrow decision. If upheld it would only allow presidents to make a recess appointment only for an office that became vacant during a recess, and that appointment can only be made during a recess.

    According to the NY Times, this decision may have the effect of overturning decisions of US Appellate Courts whose member(s) were appointed as recess appointments, but whose appointment does not comport with this decision. According to this article there are several cases pending raising the same issue with different plaintiffs.

    As to the question, “does this have the effect of overturning all the decisions of the NLRB during the tenure of the recess appointed members?” The answer is no. Those decisions will stand until the injured party files a lawsuit to vacate the NLRB decision based on the unconstitutional makeup of the NLRB. .http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/business/court-rejects-recess-appointments-to-labor-board.html?_r=0

  • checkmate2012

    jimmyg, this doesn’t square with Breitbart’s article, “A top federal appeals court has removed three presidential appointees from power, and invalidated all actions they’ve taken over the past twelve months.” from
    http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2013/01/25/Major-Court-Defeat-for-Obama-His-Recess-Appointments-Unconstitutional
    .
    I agree it’s not narrow and listened to Levin, but not all tonight, and so didn’t hear if it vacated all of the Board’s decisions made under this trio. Given the ruling, it doesn’t make sense that each injured party should have to file individual lawsuits to overturn a decision by an illegal panel. Thanks for the response.

  • westcoastpatriette

    Obama’s getting his butt kicked in court right now. Another federal court just ruled that ten ICE agents had standing to sue DHS and ICE for ordering them to disregard federal laws to give illegals a free pass. Remember this one had to do with the O’s executive order giving illegals who were not guilty of serious crimes immunity from prosecution and deportation. Janet Napolitano and Morton — the head of ICE — threatened the agents with disciplinary consequences if they refused to disobey the federal laws that the O decided to disobey. Hahaha!

  • checkmate2012

    Nice! And hadn’t seen nor heard this ruling, but agree with the agents. I know that DHS said turn a blind eye, as if Agents could possibly do their jobs while playing hide and seek- seek whom and when? I hope they win their case. The rule of law is a inconvenience for law makers!

  • jimmyg

    Prof. Jacobsen has the opinion up at his web site, Legal Insurrection. If you go to page 46 of the decision you can see that the decision only applies to the Petitioner, Noel Canning. The Court vacated the order of the NLRB as to Noel Canning and no others.

    Brietbart is incorrect in their reading of the decision.

    As an aside, and I only read the decision quickly, the Court points out that this decision does not square with earlier decisions of the Court. This decision will likely be appealed and at some point consolidated with the other cases pending in other circuits.

    http://legalinsurrection.com/2013/01/d-c-appeals-court-rules-obama-recess-appointments-unconstitutional/

  • checkmate2012

    You seem to be a lawyer or knowledgable on law so I iI’ll go the site but don’t know how much I’ll gather, since I don’t even play a lawyer on TV!

  • jimmyg

    This decision, if upheld, will have wide ranging, and yet unknown effect on the federal appellate court. The effect on the NLRB, as far as I know, may be limited to their decisions of the last year.

    The problem this decision presents is that any appellate decision that was rendered by an appellate court panel that had a member that was a recess appointment, and that appointment was not in compliance with the ruling in this case, in theory, can be attacked in that the judge in question was unconstitutionally appointed and their decision should be vacated.

    I have no idea how many decisions this may effect, but if a court did not have jurisdiction to hear a case based on a member being a recess appointed in a manner not in compliance with this decision , their is no limit on how far back in time a litigant could back and challenge a decision of an appellate court based on this decision.

  • checkmate2012

    In plain english (cause that was a bit hard to follow but I’m trying), are there other rulings in question, made by other unconstitutionally appointees? I’m not sure if there were others appointed during a non-recess that would apply. The O panel of 3 and all of their rulings should be invalid and don’t see how far back is a question beyond at which time that they had a legal quorum, which they didn’t have since late 2011/early 2012 when he made the illegal appts if SCOTUS agrees with the appellate.
    .
    I’m obviously out of my league but enjoy the law and learning and appreciate you helping me understand the case.

  • jimmyg

    What I am speaking to is this Courts ruling effect on recess appointments by POTUS to the Federal Appellate Court. The same principals would apply. It does not appear that Pres. Obama made recess appointments to the Court but Pres. Bush had. It is a problem, but not a great a problem that I initially thought.

    The rulings of the NLRB, if challenged on the basis of the recess appointment of the panel members, if a court follows this decision, would be vacated.

    Keep in mind their are older decisions that do not agree with this opinion. This decision seems to be well researched and goes through the history of recess appointments.

    (Evans v. Stephens, 387 F.3d 1220 [11th Cir. 2004 is the most recent case which affirmed the President’s power to make recess appointments. A quick reading of this case led me to conclude that the Court found this issue to be a political question, and left it to the Senate and President to work it out.

  • checkmate2012

    “The rulings of the NLRB, if challenged on the basis of the recess appointment of the panel members, if a court follows this decision, would be vacated.” meaning each suitor doesn’t have to file an individual suit/case to overturn? Isn’t that opposite of what you relayed to me earlier?
    .
    And I thought Bush among others did make valid recess appts….during a Senate designated recess which is on the up and up. They are temporary in nature per the C. but legal nonetheless. And this decision if upheld by SCOTUS, seems to vacate prior decisions…but what do I know. It’s fun trying to be a lawyer :)

  • checkmate2012

    And who/when made “US Appellate Courts whose member(s) were appointed as recess appointments”? Still see this as legal and upheld if the appointees were made during a real recess declared by the Senate and then subsequently confirmed after their temporary period in “office”. Levin said this had only happened 3 times in history and didn’t hear the specifics. Are you saying Bush broke the “laws”?

  • jimmyg

    No I am not. What I am saying is that the Court in the NLRB decision is saying that the POTUS can make recess appointments under the following 2 conditions (1) the vacancy occurred during a recess, and (2) the appointment is made during a vacancy.
    This decision, if upheld, will have the practical effect of taking away a presidents power to make recess appointments.

    I was unsure how many recess appointments had been made by any president, and was concerned that this decision could have the effect, if upheld, of vacating many decisions of the appellate court if a member of the appellate court panel had been a recess appointment. It seems that the last time a recess appointment to the federal appellate court had been made was under Pres. Bush.

  • jimmyg

    This decision is limited in its effect to Noel Canning. It does not effect any other decision of the current NLRB panel or any other decision. It is likely a party that was the recipient of an adverse decision from this NLRB panel are calling their attorneys this morning and asking the same question you are. Until that decision is challenged in Court it stands. The only decision that has been vacated is the decision in Noel Canning.

  • edintexas

    IF the SCOTUS upholds the decision, whether entirely or expanding the period when a vacancy may occur while upholding the power of the Senate to determine the Senate’s rules, I suspect a pro-forma filing will be all that is necessary to obtain a vacation of a NLRB decision involving any other company during the period in question.

    I could easily be mistaken, but I would expect the SCOTUS to uphold the power of the Senate to determine when the Senate is in session, but probably expand the period when a vacancy subject to recess appointment may occur.

  • empathy4us

    it will be interesting to see if the SCOTUS upholds this decision as I suspect the administration will move it in that direction.

  • rennyangel4

    I hope this is the first of many of these decisions.

  • concernedrent

    Don’t get your hopes up too high. The three Republican judges acknowledged that the ruling conflicts with what some other federal appeals courts have held about when recess appointments are valid, which only added to the likelihood of an appeal to the high court. Under the court’s decision, 285 recess appointments made by presidents between 1867 and 2004 would be invalid.

  • flyovermark

    I think your analysis of the broader implications to previous recess appointments is a tad overblown, jimmyg. The issue in this case is not that “a recess appointment was improperly made”, but that “the president overstepped his authority in declaring the Senate to BE IN recess, in order to make his appointments”.

    The Court’s decision is novel, not because it overturns “150 years of case law” but because there is no case law. Not even FDR, the ultimate anti-constitutionalist, had the audacity to imperially usurp the Senate’s authority to adjourn. Although previous recess appointments may have been made that do not conform to the Court’s novel interpretation of “the” recess, the Constitutionality of these were not in question at the time, or now, because the Constitution’s separation of powers were not first violated to make them. The impact of this decision to other recess appointments is narrowly defined by this fact, as is the remedy.

  • flyovermark

    “This decision, if upheld, will have the practical effect of taking away a presidents power to make recess appointments.”

    I disagree. The presidential power to make recess appointments hasn’t changed a bit. What takes away a president’s power to make recess appointment is not the Court, but the Senate itself – caused not by a Court decision, but by the present-day Senate practice of not adjourning until the day before a new Senate session begins.

  • concernedrent

    Careful what you wish for. It appears other “monarchs” have used this same technique. Under the court’s decision, 285 recess appointments made by presidents between 1867 and 2004 would be invalid.

  • jimmyg

    The Court in their ruling stated that the POTUS can make recess appointments under the following scenario, (1) the senate is in recess and (2) a vacancy occurs during that recess. In other words, as a practical matter, timing is everything.

    Under this decision a president can no longer wait until the senate goes into recess to make a recess appointment. The vacancy must occur during the recess and the president must make the appointment during the recess.

    I would say that this ruling overturns the manner in which the executive branch has handled recess appointments since the time of President Washington.

  • skorrent1

    So be it!

  • westcoastpatriette

    You might want to watch this discussionhttp://aclj.org/us-constitution/jay-sekulow-stinging-rebuke-for-obama-constitutional-overreach-on-appointments on Fox where Megyn Kelly gets Jay Sekulow’s view of the decision. Sekulow filed a friend of the court brief in the case and is well-positioned to answer questions.

    For one, Sekulow states that this decision will vacate every decision made by the NLRB in the last year since they were unconstitutionally appointed — not just for the case at hand. Also, he makes no mention of the court stating that POTUS can only make appointments when the vacancy occurs during a recess. Sekulow makes clear that Obama is the only prez ever who took it upon himself to declare the Senate in recess (when in reality it was not in recess) to make these appointments. That is the crux of the case.

  • westcoastpatriette

    You are wrong. Obama is the only prez ever to take it upon himself to declare the Senate in recess when they were not in recess to enable him to justify making recess appointments.

  • jimmyg

    If you read the decision you will find that the Court only vacated the case before it. You can find the Courts holding on page 46 of the decision which vacated the NLRB decision against Noel Canning.

    As I said earlier, the decisions of the NLRB made by this panel are not void until challenged under this decision. Mr. Sekulow view may be that the decisions if challenged using this case are void, and he would be correct.

    As to your statement that Sekulow did not mention the fact that POTUS can only make recess appointments when those vacancies occur during a recess, at page 39 of the Court’s decision, the Court ruled, “In light of the extensive evidence that the original public meaning of “happen” was “arise” we hold that the president may only make recess appointments to fill vacancies that arise during the recess.”

    I am not going to speculate whether Mr. Sekulow was familiar with this part of the decision, or if he did not have time to discuss it, but because he did not discuss it does not mean that this case does not hold for that proposition.

  • westcoastpatriette

    Obviously, you did not watch the video and prefer to make unfounded statements about the ruling. I will trust Sekulow’s unambiguous statement that the court made very clear their decision invalidated every decision the NLRB has made since Obama made the unconstitutional appointments one year ago. I don’t need to read the 46 page ruling as I trust Sekuow’s report of what the courts said.

  • romeg

    Now the question becomes “Will John Roberts ‘fix’ this for him?”

  • romeg

    This is an absolute misreading of this decision: The court did not disallow recess appointments. It disallowed the President’s declaration that the Senate was in recess when, in fact, it was not. The Constitution provides for recess appointments but it does not grant the president the power to decide when the Senate is in session.

  • romeg

    I’m not so sure about that. If the issue is the validity of the appointment then the validity of any decision made by illegally appointed board members would, by extension, be invalid. But it may be incumbent upon those affected by those rulings to seek relief.

  • jimmyg

    The following is the order of court. If Mr. Sekulow or yourself can find in the court’s order or decision, that every decision of the NLRB is invalidated by the Court’s order, please show me. That does not mean that litigants who have been negatively impacted by an NLRB order under this rule cannot appeal based on this order. I have given you links to the decision, and Moe has the decision up today. I have made every attempt to explain the Court’s decision and pointed you to the court’s ruling by page number. If you choose not to read the decision, that is on you. You can lead a horse to water but you cannot make it drink.

    http://c0391070.cdn2.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/pdf/canning-v-nlrb-order.pdf

  • westcoastpatriette

    As I stated, I trust Sekulow’s reading of the ruling as he argued the case and just five minutes ago he reiterated on Fox that the court’s ruling invalidated — made null and void — every decision made by the NLRB in the past year. I might add, you cannot make a sweeping conclusion based on one paragraph on page 46 of the ruling. Sekulow was there. You were not. The court ruled that from its inception (when Obama made the three appointments), the NLRB and its rulings carry no power.

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  • flyovermark

    Seems to me that, just as they did in “Citizen’s United”, the Court looked at what the Constitution actually says. Lo and behold, the vacancy clause does indeed say that the president has the power to fill vacancies that “happen” during the Recess of the Senate. It doesn’t say that the president can circumvent the advice and consent of the Senate by waiting until a Senate recess to make recess appointments, and it doesn’t say that the president can adjourn the Senate to make recess appointments. If the Constitution overturns the manner in which the executive branch has handled appointments before, then it’s better late than never for the Court to correct the president’s manners.