Sotomayor, Obama, and the Felon Vote


Is this what the president taught in law school?

Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomayor is an advocate of allowing felons to vote. “Advocate” is a loaded word when referring to a judge, and with good reason. Judges are not supposed to allow their personal preferences influence their interpretation of the law and the facts at issue in a given case. But their really is no other way to describe Sotomayor’s dissenting opinion in Hayden v. Pataki, a case brought by inmates in New York State under the federal Voting Rights Act.

The inmates were suing the State of New York for the right to vote, alleging New York’s prohibition of felon voting was discriminatory based on race and ethnicity. Sotomayor sided with the inmates in a four-paragraph long opinion, holding that the Voting Rights Act prohibited states from disenfranchising felons because the majority are black, Hispanic, and other minorities.

The Washington Times excoriates Sotomayor for her shoddy legal reasoning pointing out that the Constitution grants states the right to deny felons the vote in the Fourteenth Amendment. The Times rightly characterizes her opinion in the case as a product of her inability to see past race and ethnicity and apply the law as written.

“Ms. Sotomayor is thus in the position of asserting that Congress can prohibit New York from doing something the Constitution itself specifically endorses. It’s as if she thinks that black and Hispanic felons are convicted in order to deny them the vote, rather than being denied the vote as a result of being duly convicted. Her position ignores the fact that it is these convicts’ own actions, their crimes – not any state-based racial discrimination – that make them ineligible to vote.

[Sotomayor's] dissenting opinion in Hayden v. Pataki is another example of her taking racial grievance mongering to absurd new depths. They are depths unbecoming a Supreme Court justice.”

Unsurprisingly, as a Senator, President Obama was a co-sponsor of the Count Every Vote Act, a bill which would have restored the right to vote to all ex-felons nationwide, according to a description of the legislation the president provided during the campaign on an NAACP questionnaire. It’s not likely that he was pandering. But what about as a Constitutional law professor? Does the president endorse the position Sotomayor expressed in her brief dissent on felon voting rights? How about Sotomayor’s interpretation of the Voting Rights Act and the Fourteenth Amendment?

This is a question on which it seems that Sotomayor is very vulnerable. First, her legal reasoning – that Congress can trump the Constitution by statute – if that’s what we must call it, is highly uninformed. Second, Sotomayor only took four paragraphs to elucidate her opinion. That leaves precious little room for justifications grounded in past precedent or legal analysis. It smacks more of an, “I like it, therefore it must be,” approach to judging, at least in this case. Worse, the apparent lack of effort Sotomayor put into the decision suggests a lack of respect for the process that will not serve the country well were she to be confirmed. Justices must bring more heft than a curt, “Because I said so!” when ruling on matters of national impact.

Republicans should press Sotomayor hard on this case, and others, in private and at her confirmation hearings. They should also demand that the White House answer for nominating a judge who could not be bothered to explain her extra-Constitutional reasoning in Hayden v. Pataki, and who refuses to be bound by the Constitution or the law in attempting to implement her, and the president’s, favored outcomes.

Cross posted at Mark on the Right.

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26 Comments Leave a comment

Of course So-So wants to protect the right of Obama cabinet members to vote

6eorge Jetson Monday, June 1st at 6:44PM EDT (link)

Frank Ricci denied, Hannibal Lecter enabled.

Time to show the American public what they voted for.


Hold off on that Mammogram for 10 years

 

Text of actual dissenting opinion

Retread of Chris_B. Monday, June 1st at 6:57PM EDT (link)

It took a while to find it (page 100 of 103), but here is the dissenting opinion she wrote:

I join in Judge Parker’s dissent, and write this separate opinion only to emphasize one point. I fear that the many pages of the majority opinion and concurrences — and the many pages of the dissent that are necessary to explain why they are wrong — may give the impression that this case is in some way complex. It is not.

It is plain to anyone reading the Voting Rights Act that it applies to all “voting qualification[s].” And it is equally plain that § 5-106 disqualifies a group of people from voting. These two propositions should constitute the entirety of our analysis. Section 2 of the Act by its unambiguous terms subjects felony disenfranchisement and all other voting qualifications to its coverage.

The duty of a judge is to follow the law, not to question its plain terms. I do not believe that Congress wishes us to disregard the plain language of any statute or to invent exceptions to the statutes it has created. The majority’s “wealth of persuasive evidence” that Congress intended felony disenfranchisement laws to be immune from scrutiny under § 2 of the Act, Maj. Op. at 322, includes not a single legislator actually saying so. But even if Congress had doubts about the wisdom of subjecting felony disenfranchisement laws to the results test of § 2, I trust that Congress would prefer to make any needed changes itself, rather than have courts do so for it.

I respectfully dissent.

If Sotomayor's "analysis" is to be believed...

cwilson Monday, June 1st at 7:45PM EDT (link)

then what she has really done in this decision is to show that this clause in the Voting Rights Act is unconstitutional, if interpreted as expansively as she does. Which is why careful judges, even if inclined to interpret certain legislation expansively, do so only until it bumps into the Constitution — “Oh, well, obviously the VRA can’t be interpreted that expansively, or it would be unconstitutional.”

OTOH, Sotomayor says “I want to expansively interpret this legislation which I like, so I’m overruling the Constitution. Never mind that pesky Article V.”

Sheesh. What an maroon. It’d be funny if it weren’t so serious.

 
 

I have a few questions for Judge Sotomayor:

deweyfromdetroit Monday, June 1st at 9:35PM EDT (link)

Judge Sotomayor, would you say that a wise black woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a Latina woman? How about a wise black man? Where might he fall in your spectrum of ‘good conclusions’? How about a wise Latino man? And I guess I’m also curious as to how you think an Asian woman might stack up.


I have a couple other questions too

Also blogging as
DeweyfromDetroit

 

where are all the lawsuits

larryp Monday, June 1st at 10:09PM EDT (link)

“So-and-so v Obama over the Tenth amendment, say or Texas V. Obama overthe interference ofteh feds in State matters. Or The Car Dealer Assn v
US over forcing Srtate Corporations to behave in a certain way.
Obviously i am not an atty. But in the Bush admin it was always ” X v Bush or Y v. Rumsfeld. Maybe all those attys were lefties. And there are no attys in the GOP except the Marquis de Queensbury.

I've been asking the same question for months now

scottbomb Tuesday, June 2nd at 12:01AM EDT (link)

The silence is deafening. And frightening.

It reminds me of a question I asked during the past election, “where’s OUR George Soros?” The subjects are unrelated except for one fundamental question: Are there ANY power brokers in the GOP? Anyone at all??

Are we starved for leadership or are we starved for FUNDS? We’ve got a handful in the House, one or two in the Senate, a couple of governors, and a former governor TRYING to make a difference… But as the old saying goes, “if a conservative politician says something and the liberal press ignores it, did they make a noise?”

And the Dems call US the “party of the rich”! More like a party of cowards.

http://www.HowObamaGotElected.com

“The American people will never knowingly adopt socialism. But, under the name of ‘liberalism’, they will adopt every fragment of the socialist program, until one day America will be a socialist nation, without knowing how it happened.” - Norman Thomas, U.S. Socialist Party presidential candidate 1940, 1944 and 1948

 
 

Democrats/Liberals weak on Crime/Criminals

JLenardDetroit Monday, June 1st at 10:15PM EDT (link)

somehow ties to their consistency with being weak on defending the country too (Surrender Doctrine)…. at least this has been true since JFK was lost. It is just another VOTE PANDER that Democrats/Liberals will go soft on crime/criminals (Holder (AG prior judgement?)) as long as the Criminals will continue to vote Democrat - this is the ultimate reward for their (criminals) loyalty and additional/final vote pander.

(RS:Help) (JLD) (Hollyweird) (Brain-deads) (SPIN-cycle) (Obamaocare) (Party of kNOw) (Conservatism) (TEApeats) (respectful) (Reco) (Quotes) (removeRINOs.com) (RSmas)
+ 0bama Lies & your Bank acct will Die! (4/15 Truthers)
+ Heil “O” Hell No Obamao is NOT MY PRESIDENT! “No U won’t”
+ I want “O” to FAIL (here, here, & whole Diary (Ofail) here, is why)
The first Liberal was Satan” - a Rush caller (other Quotes)

 

I have a question for Obama and Sotomayor...if the U.S. Prison population was, say, 80% white would you still want those felons to have the right to vote?..nt

Aaron Gardner Monday, June 1st at 10:34PM EDT (link)

Aaron’s Archive

conform and celebrate diversity….or else!!!

ironically, I have been sitting on a story of how under Bush and the GOP

Mike gamecock DeVine Monday, June 1st at 10:37PM EDT (link)

the prison population has become more white!

Mike DeVine’s Examiner.com, Charlotte Observer and The Minority Report columns
“One man with courage makes a majority.” - Andrew Jackson

Not that it really matters Gamecock, I would still be against it...

Aaron Gardner Monday, June 1st at 10:55PM EDT (link)

and Judge Parker’s reasoning, on which Sotomayor deferred to instead of showing he own due diligence in her dissent, is fundamentally flawed and is drawn from a foregone conclusion for which he provides absolutely no proof.

If you haven’t read it yet you can find it here , I haven’t finished it yet but right from the beginning he basically accepts that racism is inherent due to the fact that there is a disproportional amount of felons who are also a protected class.

Aaron’s Archive

conform and celebrate diversity….or else!!!

yes, so would I, obviously! duh - my point was tangential (hence the "ironically" intro) and

Mike gamecock DeVine Monday, June 1st at 11:35PM EDT (link)

I don’t need to read any one’s legal opinion it, since the plain language of the Constitution admits on no right to vote for felons!

Aaron, sometimes you are so dense due to how good and earnest you are.

Mike DeVine’s Examiner.com, Charlotte Observer and The Minority Report columns
“One man with courage makes a majority.” - Andrew Jackson

Mike, it wasn't an accusation...

Aaron Gardner Monday, June 1st at 11:52PM EDT (link)

I implied as much by saying first “not that it really matters” and we are also in agreement with regard to the plain language of the Constitution, if you had read his opinion and read my comment within the context of that you wouldn’t have thought my comment was an accusation rather than an acknowledgment of the irony and extension of the conversation to the realm of the Constitutional argument.

Either way we agree, and I didn’t even have to refer to my friend as dense.

Aaron’s Archive

conform and celebrate diversity….or else!!!

Aaron, I'll do it for you: I am very often dense! - nt

Mike gamecock DeVine Tuesday, June 2nd at 9:16AM EDT (link)

Mike DeVine’s Examiner.com, Charlotte Observer and The Minority Report columns
“One man with courage makes a majority.” - Andrew Jackson

lol...lead with your head too many times in football huh Gamecock??...;^)...nt

Aaron Gardner Tuesday, June 2nd at 9:18AM EDT (link)

Aaron’s Archive

conform and celebrate diversity….or else!!!

well, it is true that my last play of the season in 11th grade

Mike gamecock DeVine Tuesday, June 2nd at 9:21AM EDT (link)

was when I was sacked as QB

I didn’t play the next year so painful was the experience.

Just now I am smarting from the Gamecocks blowing a 6-0 lead last night to East Carolina to lose in the 11th and get eliminated from the college baseball tournament.

Mike DeVine’s Examiner.com, Charlotte Observer and The Minority Report columns
“One man with courage makes a majority.” - Andrew Jackson

I figured something like that GC...

Aaron Gardner Tuesday, June 2nd at 9:26AM EDT (link)

But it’s alrigh because when you and I talk I always have to break my argument down on so many levels that it ends up with me having to construct more formidable arguments.

Aaron’s Archive

conform and celebrate diversity….or else!!!

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

"Conform and celebrate diversity." Excellent observation of irony

6eorge Jetson Monday, June 1st at 10:49PM EDT (link)

Even well-intentioned socialism instituted by hypothetical honest public servants (who pay their taxes, among other things) inevitably leads to a CYA mentality, less risk-taking, more group-think (PC, anyone), and, ironically, less diversity.


Hold off on that Mammogram for 10 years

6eorge you can't forget the "or else"...

Aaron Gardner Monday, June 1st at 11:01PM EDT (link)

because with the “PC” troopers there are consequences if you don’t conform and celebrate diversit…just.like.everyone.else!!!

Aaron’s Archive

conform and celebrate diversity….or else!!!

I was considering the absolute ideal scenario

6eorge Jetson Tuesday, June 2nd at 12:04AM EDT (link)

as an upper bound. All participants are well-intentioned, rational agents. Even under these ideal conditions, the diversity outcome will be poor.

I agree with you completely. In practice, it can only be worse. Much worse.


Hold off on that Mammogram for 10 years

 
 
 

Well yes, if they were all union organizers.

Tbone Monday, June 1st at 11:00PM EDT (link)

nt

Envisioning when all that is Left is the Right.

 
 

i am with her

ifonly Monday, June 1st at 10:56PM EDT (link)

Well at least partially so. I am a liberal (I don’t want to misrepresent myself), and a lawyer, and this has always really bugged me. I would have found the other way in this lawsuit, but I don’t think it’s a slam dunk. Section 2 of the 14th says: “But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.”

The Amendment itself doesn’t define crime, and there is nothing in the text itself that specifically dictates that crimes include felonies (and not misdemeanors, for instance). In Section 5, Congress is given the responsibility of enforcing the Act. I think the VRA does govern ambiguities in Section 2.

I differ from Sotomayor because I think she probably misinterprets the intentions of the writers of the VRA - I believe that they probably thought that they were excepting felons. She’s got a strong case though - she’s right that the VRA does not except felons from its provisions. She’s being a textualist, rather than a realist. It’s really not a crazy position, I don’t think.

That said, I am with Obama on the policy. Why should felons lose the right to vote? I can understand 18 USC 922(g) preventing felons from owning guns (it’s a safety matter), but I just don’t understand why they should lose the most fundamental right in our land. Once somebody serves time in prison, and completes supervised release and probation, I think their punishment should be over. Preventing felons from voting also makes it more difficult for them to reintegrate themselves into society.

Thanks for letting me post - I am a long-time lurker, but a seldom poster.

Felonius Junk

GreyCloak Tuesday, June 2nd at 2:25AM EDT (link)

Thanks to Chrisberry for posting Sotomayor’s dissent, and Aaron Gardner for linking to the entire decision, from whence I read Parker’s well-written dissent. I agree with the majority.

I’m sure Sotomayor has more controversial positions, but I cannot disagree with her conclusion that “I trust that Congress would prefer to make any needed changes itself, rather than have courts do so for it..”

I might note that, at the time of the Fourteenth Amendment, prisons likely contained more Irish than any other group. More importantly, “felonies” did not include anything dealing with drugs, nor carjacking, nor many of the other things Congress and the States have since declared to be “really bad crimes.” Voting rights were not so much an issue, as many felons were simply shot or hanged, obviating any ballot-box considerations.

The whole issue is somewhat mute: New York City has had a Black Mayor (Dinkins, D, 1990-93) and the State currently has a Black Governor (Patterson, D, 2008-present) … when “minority” politicians control government, it becomes really difficult to convince a Court that the government is infringing on minority rights.

I expect our Republicans to put up a reasonable show of “Obama’s pick is bad,” just because they have to … but since some Republicans drove Arlen Specter into the Democrat fold, and he sits on the Judicial Committee, I would expect that resistance is futile.

 

Precisely why it should be limited to those who show responsibility

aesthete Tuesday, June 2nd at 3:08AM EDT (link)

First of all, English common law, which is, in many ways, the context in which the Constitution must be placed, is a more ideal starting point than the opinion of a judge who has an ideological interest in creating his own definition of the word. I haven’t researched this area in specific, but I have studied up on English common law, and would be surprised if its definition of crime didn’t encompass some of the crimes that these prisoners that were suing were put in jail for. To be frank, if the Constitution forbade people from voting because they didn’t have property, why on earth would it allow someone guilty of a felony to take part in the franchise? Barring that, the modern definition of “crime” would most definitely include felonies. In fact, I’m hard-pressed to find a definition of “crime” that wouldn’t involve committing a felony. Therefore, it is her opinion versus established precedent and most modern definitions.

As to your ideological support of felon voting privileges, I have to disagree with you (naturally, I suppose, considering the conservative/libertarian roots of the site). From a philosophical point of view, it could be argued that the felon forfeits his right to vote when he egregiously violates the social contract between government and the citizenry, and in fact, this is exactly what I argue. From a more pragmatic angle, it’s foolish to think that a felon would vote based on what is good for others, rather than himself. Certainly, the Founding Fathers thought so highly of suffrage as to limit it to property-owning men in the first draft, whom they believed would have a vested interest in the stability and prosperity of the US. Anyways, good on you for being so civil! Even if I disagree with you (and I disagree with you strongly, here), I appreciate that you were respectful.

Guilt is a rope that wears thin.
-Ayn Rand

“I am a freeman in a free state!”
-Last words of Dumnorix, chieftan of the Aedui, 54 BC

Aesthete

ifonly Tuesday, June 2nd at 7:48AM EDT (link)

I am running out the door to work, so my reply won’t be as thorough as I’d like. Here are my quick thoughts:

1) Here’s my thinking on this,and I think it is Sotomayor’s as well. The 14th A guarantees the right to vote to a broad category of people,but excepts people that participate in rebellion and other crime. (Incidentally, what import do you give the word rebellion? Doesn’t that help define the word crime - and if it does, then wouldn’t it help limit crime either to very important crimes or crimes against the state?) The 14A thus allows Congress to deny federal representation to the states if they deny the franchise except on certain limited considerations.

2) Crime is one of those considerations. But what crimes are to be excepted? The Amendment doesn’t state.

3) Section 5 gives Congress the right to enforce the Amendment. The VRA is one of those laws.

4) The question then is whether the VRA speaks to the issue of what crimes are excepted. I think it doesn’t, Sotomayor thinks it does.

Where do you think Sotomayor is wrong? Just point 4? If so, I think your disagreement with her is basically a very narrow one about statutory interpretation methods.

I may not be able to respond this morning, but I am interested in your response.

My disagreement is with her exclusive definition of the word "crime"

aesthete Tuesday, June 2nd at 1:52PM EDT (link)

Though I suppose one could theoretically state that her definition of the word “crime”, which apparently excludes some felons, is no more or less valid than others, the truth is, it is the height of dishonesty and arrogance to substitute one’s own definition over established precedent, the most commonly accepted modern definitions of crime, and the likely meaning that the word would have had to the legislature and citizenry at the time of the Constitution’s writing. Such disregard shows a lack of willingness on the part of Sotomayor to critically examine the statutes to interpret them as they were meant to be read. Certainly, if she had an argument backing her definition above any of the others I have mentioned, she didn’t state it in her opinion.

As to the term “crime” in the context of rebellion, I would say that I agree with you insofar as a correct interpretation of the pre-Civil War Constitution is concerned, but the pre-Civil War Constitution is probably not the framework under which Sotomayor bases her judicial philosophy, and in leiu of that, established precedent and post-Civil War norms are probably the way to go on this one.

I’ll reply to some of your other points when I have the time to do so.

Guilt is a rope that wears thin.
-Ayn Rand

“I am a freeman in a free state!”
-Last words of Dumnorix, chieftan of the Aedui, 54 BC

 
 
 
 

English Common Law ...

GreyCloak Tuesday, June 2nd at 7:36AM EDT (link)

didn’t include such offenses as using drugs … in fact, the priviledged (see__ Romance Poets) glorified the practice. It may be a good idea to lock up people when the only crime they can be convicted of is “drug possession,” but many “felonies” are creations of Congress … Congress-critters have no idea how to balance “I did somethng to protect citizens” versus “I disenfranchised my voter base.”

 

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