ABC News, by way of the Associated Press, is reporting
that "most" US corporations, and foreign corporations doing
business in the US, paid no income taxes between 1998 and 2005.
What reportedly happened is that Senators Dorgan (D-ND) and
Levin (D-MI) went to the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and
asked them to find them a stick to hit business over the head
with.
Supposedly, this report is going to be published today, but as I
write, it hasn't yet appeared on the GAO web site. Dorgan's page at
senate.gov has nothing to say about it.
So obviously we'll want to revisit this when the actual report
comes out, but in the meantime the news spin (which more than
likely was the point of the exercise) is already out. And it's
worth responding to.
The short answer is: How stupid do you think we are,
Senators Dorgan and Levin?
Here's what Dorgan had to say: "It's shameful that so many
corporations make big profits and pay nothing to support our
country."
Ok, so it's shameful. Now that we know where you're coming from,
Senator, let's take a closer look.
According to the (still unreleased) GAO report, some 1.2 million
business corporations paid no federal income tax. They account for
about $2.5 trillion in revenues.
That's revenues. Not profits. You don't pay taxes if you
don't make any money. And we're talking about less than one-fifth
of all the business revenue in the country. The other four-fifths
of business sales are profitable, and most certainly pay
federal taxes.
The news reporting is admitting that GAO didn't bother to ask
the simple question: why aren't these companies paying any
federal taxes? Well, of course not, since that would have
dampened the headline value, which is intended to make you, dear
Reader, think that businesses are ripping you off.
As far as paying something to support the country: Senator
Dorgan, what do you think about all the people who are being paid
salaries to work for all those unprofitable or
marginally-profitable corporations? Don't they pay income and
payroll taxes? I can tell you, as a guy who signs paychecks every
two weeks, that labor costs are a big part of the reason why it's
hard for businesses to make a profit.
Income and payroll taxes paid by individuals are where the
vast majority of Federal revenue comes from, after all. That's
not good enough for you, is it, Senator Dorgan?
Let's ask the question that the GAO didn't bother to: why don't
corporations pay taxes? Because some of them aren't profitable
every single year.
And even when businesses are profitable (and thus pay Federal
income taxes), the numbers aren't large. In many years, the total
Federal income tax paid by corporations amounts to a smaller number
than the Federal budget deficit alone.
And that's rational too. Why would you contrive to be highly
profitable as a C corporation, when your income will be taxed
twice? First at the corporate level, and again as ordinary
income when it's paid out to shareholders?
No wonder the managers of American corporations are paid by
their shareholders not to deliver high profitability, but rather
steady profitability with high growth rates. It's because
the tax code distorts their incentives.
John McCain has proposed to reduce the corporate income tax rate
from 35% (one of the highest in the world) to 25%. It's a start,
but the rate should be no more than 5%.
Let's take care of two of the obvious objections here: corporate
welfare, and income shifting.
Yes, corporate welfare is real. There are plenty of very large
businesses who lobby their way into getting exceptions, exemptions,
special tax treatment of certain assets and income, forbearance of
regulatory activity, and many other goodies. All of that falls into
the realm of government distorting free-market incentives for the
purpose of accomplishing some social goal.
When you look really hard at those items (and how about asking
the GAO to do so?), a lot of the "social goals" that are addressed
by corporate welfare, are to direct spending to particular states
and Congressional districts. How about that, Senator Dorgan? How
about you set a good example and remove all the special tax
treatment for any business that operates in North Dakota?
Income shifting: this is hard to measure, but there probably is
a certain amount of "shifting" of profits between the subsidiaries
of large corporations that either have a non-US domicile or have
foreign operations.
It's not kosher, it's not legal, and I'm most definitely not
excusing it, but if and when it happens, the intent is to recognize
revenue in the lowest-cost tax jurisdiction. So rather than go to
ABC News to get a cheap headline, Senator Dorgan, how about this
instead:
How about you call up your colleagues in the House and ask them
to reduce the corporate tax rate, as Senator McCain has proposed?
Reduce it at the very least to the world average, if not well
below. That way, if there is significant income shifting, it'll get
shifted here rather than somewhere else.
And while we're at it, let me tell you what really
honks me off: why are US Senators