A Truly Bad Idea

Just Like August 1914 Only Nastier

By streiff Posted in Comments (47) / Email this page » / Leave a comment »

The braintrust at places like Joe Biden's staff have been flogging for some time the idea of solving the Iraq war by breaking up Iraq into a series of ethnic cantons.

Presumably, this is supposed to solve the issue of ethnic strife because, of course, those enmities would be confined to the areas we chose to allot to each of the religious sects and ethnicities and they wouldn't be competing over places like Kirkuk. Shades of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, but we are not dealing here with people steeped in irony.

It was refreshing to see David Ignatius climb aboard the bloggyhorse I've been riding for some months.

Read on.

I've a record of supporting a unified Iraq and writing about the danger of the dissolution of a unitary Iraq (most succinctly here). I've also a record of believing Joe Biden, the prime mover of this jackassery, is an idiot.

With my position established, on to David Ignatius":

While the Bush administration struggles to stabilize Baghdad, a major new threat is emerging in the Kurdish areas of northern Iraq. If it isn't defused, this crisis could further erode U.S. goals in Iraq -- drawing foreign military intervention, splintering the country further and undermining U.S. hopes for long-term military bases in Kurdistan.

The core issue is Kurdish nationalism, which worries Iraq's powerful northern neighbor, Turkey, which has a substantial Kurdish minority. The Bush administration has tried to finesse the problem, hoping to keep two friends happy: The Kurds have been America's most reliable partner in Iraq, while the Turks are a crucial ally in the region. But in recent weeks, this strategy has been breaking down.

I've said this a thousand times. No one in the Middle East, except the Kurds, want an independent Kurdistan. There are lots of Kurds in Turkey and a low level insurgency has been underway there, along with a kinder, gentler version of what the Turks did to the Armenians, for fifty years. There are lots of Kurds in Syria. There are lots of Kurds in Iran. Needless to say, the Syrian, Turkish, and Iranian Kurds would much prefer to be members of a greater Kurdistan rather than an endangered minority. So would the Iraqi Kurds, for that matter.

In addition to the internal dangers posed, Iraqi Kurdistan is a lucrative prize that can be snapped up by anyone willing to take the risk.

This sort of plotting is not limited to Kurdistan, though Kurdistan poses the most danger as we'll see later.

A movement has started in Southern Iraq to establish an autonomous region limited to the provinces of Basra, Maysan and Dhi Qar (via an email bulletin from historiae.org.

There are at least two possible explanations. Firstly, regional sentiment in the far south of Iraq is very pronounced and often overrides the ideology of the central leadership of the national parties. This has been seen in Fadila (which has always been more localist in Basra), Daawa, among the Sadrists of Maysan (who sometimes employ regionalist rhetoric in the context of oil), and even among SCIRI members in Basra (some of whom continued to focus on Basra and the far south even after the central leadership had declared a single Shiite region as their goal.) The Nasiriyya-based Council for the Region of the South could be yet another example of regionalist sentiment cutting across ideological affiliations. Alternatively, this may be another instance of a phenomenon seen elsewhere in the south, where SCIRI have created "copycat" organisations in order to gain a foothold in a region where they traditionally have had problems. In Maysan, for instance, there are two Hizbollahs, one tribal and quite secularist, another pro-SCIRI and more Islamist. SCIRI are clearly trying to capitalise on the ongoing tension in the Sadrist camp in Basra between Fadila and followers of Muqtada al-Sadr, and theoretically this latest move by the Council for the Region of the South could have to do with another attempt at breaking down resistance to SCIRI in the far south, by co-opting and diluting it. The fact that the foundation of Majlis Iqlim al-Janub back in 2006 was widely reported in SCIRI and Badr media might suggest that the latter interpretation is the more plausible one.

This would effectively sever the oil producing region of Shi'a Iraq and leave most Iraqi Shi'a with the same resources as the Sunni: dirt, but lots of it.

Back to the Kurds.

Turks and Kurds have fired heavy rhetorical barrages the past few weeks. Kurdish leader Massoud Barzani warned that if the Turks meddled in Kirkuk, "then we will take action for the 30 million Kurds in Turkey." The head of the Turkish general staff, Gen. Yasar Buyukanit, responded that "from an exclusively military point of view," he favored an invasion of Iraq to clean out PKK havens. If the Turks do attack, counters one Kurdish official, "their own border will not be respected. They will not be the only ones to choose the battlefield."

A wild card in the Kurdish problem is Iran. Like the Turks, the Iranians have a restless Kurdish minority and would be tempted to intervene militarily against a militant group called PJAK that operates from Iraqi Kurdistan. Indeed, top Iranian military officers met in Ankara recently for discussions with the Turkish general staff about possible military contingencies in Iraq, according to one U.S. official.

If you want a wide ranging regional war that has all the nastier aspects of civil war and genocide, then dividing Iraq is the way to get there. The potential is unlimited. Kurd v. the Turks, Syrians, and Iranians. Kurds v. Sunni in Kirkuk. Shi'a v. Sunni. Shi'a v. Shi'a in the South. Iranian, Syrian, Saudi, Turkish, and Jordanian competition for influence.

Everyone should be able to agree that in the big scheme of things that a partition of Iraq makes the region exponentially more unstable, and that Joe Biden is an idiot. If we can't agree on that much then common ground is out of the question.

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Tise strange contrivance -- Biden referred to turning various chunks of Iraq into South Carolina -- is the brainchild of Leslie Gelb, an emiratus at the CFR.

my original draft by streiff

mentioned the CFR along with Biden, luckily for them I couldn't find a link on the subject in a reasonable amount of time.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

So what. by straycat

"I've said this a thousand times. No one in the Middle East, except the Kurds, want an independent Kurdistan."

No one in the Middle East, except the Israelis, wants an independent Israel (or even an Israel for that matter).

Again, so what.

I suppose by streiff

this means something. What, I don't know.

I take it that you think the presence of Israel, whatever its merits, has added to the stability of the region? I also take it that you do realizwe that Israel is able to defend itself.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

Sability is overrated by straycat

besides - "Pentagon asks US Congress to authorize sale of 3,000 smart bombs worth $65 m to Israel"

oh, so you're by streiff

an idiot.

Glad we cleared that up.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

I had a real snarky comment ready for straycat expressing my disappointment that the vast military/industrial complex was being unduly shortchanged.

***

“The trouble with our liberal friends is not that they're ignorant; it's just that they know so much that isn't so.” – Ronald Reagan

But why not a greater kurdistan. Sever off the Iranian Kurds and let the Iraqi Kurds unite with Turkish Kurds and Syrian Kurds. This isn't great for the Turks, but if they work with it, it can be managed. For the Syrians and Iranians it would have them pulling their hair out and going positively nuts.

At the very least it would give Iran and Syria something else besides Israel and US to go nuts over.
______________________________
"Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom must, like men, undergo the fatigue of supporting it."
-Thomas Paine: The American Crisis, No. 4, 1777

1. That unification will come at the expense of four existing nations. None of them will be happy. Inevitably, one or more of them will not go along with the idea. Instead of giving the Iranians or Kurds something to worry about it would confront us with a dilemma of supporting Kurdish independence and maybe engaging in combat with a NATO ally. It certainly would confront us with the spectre of supporting the Kurds by airpower alone with each mission flown through hostile airspace.

2. The Kurds do not have a seaport and those four nations could insure that Kurd oil wealth stays in the ground.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

I know they are still looking for EU membership. The Kurds have to be giving the EU fits with their multicultural regulations. Oil wealth from Iraq and Iran flowing through a pipeline in turkey and all that trade going through Turkish ports might buy them off.

Admittedly I am not that knowledgeable of the region. There is also the problem of the other Iraqi's that we have a moral obligation to. (We are probably the only nation that takes moral obligations seriously) so its impractical.

It just seems a shame not to VEX I MEAN REALLY VEX Iran and Syria. Just dealing with Kurdish problems could tie them down for years.
______________________________
"Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom must, like men, undergo the fatigue of supporting it."
-Thomas Paine: The American Crisis, No. 4, 1777

A minor point by beezle

The potential is unlimited. Kurd v. the Turks, Syrians, and Iranians. Kurds v. Sunni in Kirkuk. Shi'a v. Sunni. Shi'a v. Shi'a in the South. Iranian, Syrian, Saudi, Turkish, and Jordanian competition for influence.

Most Kurds are in fact Sunni - it would be Kurd vs Arab in Kirkuk.

Rant Street! www.rant.st

I have questions by pilgrim

about what exactly Biden et al are talking about. Are they comparing Iraq to Yugoslavia? If they are then that is a dumb idea. Are they comparing Iraq to the US? If they are, and the Iraqi government want one country composed of 3 states with a federal district, Baghdad, then I do not think that idea is so dumb. A Kurdish state flag that flies lower than the national Iraqi flag does not threaten the region as much as a country of Kurdistan flying only their flag.

You’re a persistent cuss, pilgrim.
John Wayne to Jimmy Stewart in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance

a few points by streiff

the current Iraqi constitution creates the situation you speak of. Biden, et al, view a situation in which the central government has little authority over the subordinate states. This government would have little power to tax and little revenue with which to provide a central military.

The additional danger, as pointed out, is that the Shi'a aren't all that interested in a singular Shi'a region. The inhabitants of the provinces that have oil are in favor of keeping it. Similarly, in a coherent Iraq with federal regions and the oil revenue redistribution law just signed, the Sunnis have no vested interest in going to war over the control of Kirkuk. No central government and no oil law, and the Kirkuk problem will not be settled by a referendum.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

Yeah, we'd all feel more comfortable if we could only start thinking of Iraq as a USA, but with 3 states.
It's a very manageable idea if not the actual reality.
Is it more like the former Yugoslavia, in need of separating?
We need to start asking the people of Iraq.

In the last few days, we began a 3-mile wall around a Sunni enclave in Baghdad. Our purpose was to separate and protect both Shia and Sunnis from each other. The Maliki gov't has now asked us to stop this little Biden-type plan because it felt that tensions would only grow worse with the wall.

BTW, Sen. Biden didn't order this short-lived wall. General Petraeus did. What plan is correct?

In the last few days, we began a 3-mile wall around a Sunni enclave in Baghdad. Our purpose was to separate and protect both Shia and Sunnis from each other.

That's really not the case.

We've used walls, actually dirt berms, a Tall Afar, Fallujah, and other places to restrict travel to a series of monitored checkpoints where IDs and vehicle registrations are checked.

Maliki is obviously very vulnerable to comparisons of this wall to the wall being constructed by the Israelis. We'll see if it actually stops.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

not a dirt berm. I'm not there so I don't know but I saw the pics on AOL and NBC. The report was of a 12 Foot Concrete Wall.

" We'll see if it actually stops." Yes, that is the question. Will some attempt to separate the deadly factions continue?

delivered by truck. Acknowledged. It does nothing to change how the walls are used. Not to separate combatant but to control ingress and egress.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

stupid question by dizney

these are the jersey barriers that we have in the U.S.? the 3 foot tall version? that doesn't seem like it would stop anything- so I assuming it's a much taller version? anyone know?

found it- by dizney

looks like an 8 foot variety of jersey barrier-so I guess they would need a ladder or a friend to give them a boost-

anyway here's a link to some pics:

http://www.dvidshub.net/index.php?script=images/images_gallery.php&actio...

Turkey... by Fight4TheRight

Considering the land that the Government of Turkey sits on, the secular nature of their Government and their participation in NATO, the least of their worries should be The Kurds or the creation of an independent Kurdistan.

While the Turks may be conducting 24/7 surveillance of Kurds in Turkey, al Queda will be bringing Phase 2 of the overthrow of the Turkish government before long. IMHO, of course.

20% of Turkey is Kurdish and there has been a long running Kurdish independence movement in Turkey and long term active Turkish suppression of Kurdish language and identity. An independent Kurdistan would serve as a rallying point for Turkish Kurds and the Turkish government would view it the same way most of us look at the way Mexico sucks up to the MEChA jerkoffs and the reconquista movement.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

at all afraid to use it for protecting what they perceive to be their national interests and territories, as they did in Cyprus.

Only reckless thinking could envision a breakup of Iraq into independent countries as a good thing.

Which of course explains the enthusiasm of some Democrats.

is reckless thinking. Having separate states united under a strong central Federal Government is Ok. In the US the state of Alaska shares with the other 49 states its oil revenues. There could be some political benefits to Iraqis having both local government and national government.

You’re a persistent cuss, pilgrim.
John Wayne to Jimmy Stewart in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance

***

“The trouble with our liberal friends is not that they're ignorant; it's just that they know so much that isn't so.” – Ronald Reagan

functioning constitutional government:

- a government that respects their culture
- a rich government that has oil revenue
- a government that will resist their absorption by Turkey
- a government that is free of Saddam and his ilk
- a government where the Kurds constitute a significant power bloc with all the advantages that entails.

One would think the MSM would pay more attention to how Iraqi Kurdistan has flourished without Saddam. One would be wrong.

Turkish perfidy by Mycroft

And the Turks have a very large army and they are not at all afraid to use it for protecting what they perceive to be their national interests and territories, as they did in Cyprus.

I can't believe the Turks invaded Cyprus because it had plotted to attack the mainland with missiles, invasion or suicide bombers. Wasn't it on the pretext that some Turkish residents on the island were discriminated against -- or for some equally feeble definition of "national interests" ? If so, I submit that they "perceive" conquest of weak neighbors to be part of that definition.

Radical Greek nationalists on Cyprus, in cahoots with the Greek junta of the day, were plotting the overthrow of the government of Cyprus in pursuit of their goal of "Enosis", union with Greece.

The Turks perceived a threat to the Cypriot Turks and launched an invasion despite diplomatic efforts at settlement, which were on the verge of success. The invasion was very costly in terms of life and economic ruin.

More details at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enosis

http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/tango/turkeycyprus1974.htm

and you do a superb job of advocating your point of view. In the long run, however, I think a measure of perpetual autonomy is almost a given. We can blame the Kurds, we can blame the ghosts of Lausanne, Sievres and Sykes-Picot, or whoever we choose but from a purely moral sense it is tough to argue against a people who have been under the heel of more powerful neighbors for almost a century. It might be better to try to arrange some sort of grand bargain (trading EU membership, maybe?) with Turkey, because formal partition or not this will remain a festering sore for decades to come.

Realize you are dividing up fighting religious sects by giving them their own countries... with their own armies/base of operations/laws. Forget this imaginary idea of civil war, we risk war starting with established countries, which will be much more deadly with no resolve in sight. At least now we can continue to encourage them to live together, not fight for a land struggle between bureaucratically drawn territorial boundaries.

I agree completely. Even ignoring all the other idiocies in Biden's position, there's no way to draw the lines in such a partition that doesn't leave large numbers of the "wrong" groups in somebody else's territory.

There's already a problem of fearful minorities fleeing their homes in the more violent parts of Iraq. With near-independent ethnically defined divisions, those left on the wrong side of the line would face even greater pressure to leave.

Barzani interview by jonlester

Provincial president Mas'oud al-Barzani offers some thoughts in an interesting interview. He seems to be rather the pragmatist, favoring Iraqi federalism and rejecting the idea that he has to hate Israel just because he's a Muslim.

It would seem to me that the prosperity of northern Iraq would marginalize support for the Marxist PKK, but we know the Kurds have factions among themselves; there was that time in 1996 when one Kurd rival allied with Saddam Hussein's forces against his opponent.

As for Joe Biden, if he doesn't have time to read on the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947-48, he should at least rent "Gandhi" and skip towards the end when Gandhi saw the blood-soaked seats on the trains and realized the scale of ethnic killing unleashed by British withdrawal. This is most probably a closer analog to a partitioned Iraq than the Dayton accords have proven to be for Bosnia.

lesterblog.blogspot.com

to peacefully establish an independent nation via democratic means should be responded to in what fashion?

If the Kurds do make good on their desire for independence, not because of Joe Biden but because they want it, what are we supposed to do about that fact?

Or, if a majority of Shia in the South demand independence using the ballot box, what are we to do about that?

Just curious.

Are national borders in the Third World always sacrosanct, even if enforcing them violates the principle of self-determination?

to peacefully establish an independent nation via democratic means should be responded to in what fashion?

If the kansans do make good on their desire for independence, not because of Joe Biden but because they want it, what are we supposed to do about that fact?

Or, if a majority of Alaskans in the North demand independence using ballot box, what are we to do about that?

Just curious.

Are national borders in the Developed World always sacrosanct, even if enforcing them violates the principle of self-determination?

You’re a persistent cuss, pilgrim.
John Wayne to Jimmy Stewart in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance

Any attempt at 13 colonies to peacefully establish an independent nation via democratic means should be responded to in what fashion?

If the colonists do make good on their desire for independence, not because of Joe Biden but because they want it, what are the British supposed to do about that fact?

Are national borders in the New World always sacrosanct, even if enforcing them violates the principle of self-determination?

In 1861, secession was a mistake. In 1861, forcing Union upon the south was a mistake. Sometimes, both sides are wrong.

If Vermont votes to seceed, I would say "Here's your star. Dont let the door hit you on the way out."

I do think the initial question is important, because at some point in the future, Kurdistan will leave Iraq. Maybe in the 70s when they offered to become a US state, we should have taken them up on the deal.

as a constant undercurrent in politics. Back in the "Blue Eyed Arab" days of the late seventies, early eighties it was a strong enough undercurrent to put candidates on the gubernatorial ballot; the Alaskan Independence Party remains on the ballot and commonly, though unsuccessfully fields a slate of candidates. Walter Hickel, who most would have described as "Mr. Republican," actually won his second gubernatorial term as the AIP candidate, though he never mentioned independence again.

The general consensus is that it is a foolish notion and the province of the black helicopter gang and various other malcontents, so they have had trouble keeping the 2% of the vote in the general necessary to be on the ballot without a candidate petition. That said, there is always a deep and ready reservoir of resentment towards the federal government that anyone who wants to demagogue can tap. I've discussed the reasons for that resentment before here and don't want to start that over. Needless to say, we generally see "bridges to nowhere" differently from many in the Lower 48.

In Vino Veritas

http://www.adc.org/index.php?id=248

Who is an Arab?
"Arab" is a cultural and linguistic term. It refers to those who speak Arabic as their first language. Arabs are united by culture and by history. Arabs are not a race. Some have blue eyes and red hair; others are dark skinned; many are somewhere in between. "

is that possible? by streiff

So - any attempt by the Kurds, the Shia, or Sunni to peacefully establish an independent nation via democratic means should be responded to in what fashion?

I don't see how this could happen. It is difficult to see how any of the situations you reference can happen democratically because in all those cases 70% or so of Iraqis could be counted on voting against the option. Unless what you are really proposing is a plebiscite within an area guaranteed to vote in a particular direction.

If the Kurds do make good on their desire for independence, not because of Joe Biden but because they want it, what are we supposed to do about that fact?

Nothing. There is ample precedent for what a unilateral declaration of independence brings about. Dublin, 1916. Katanga, 1961. Rhodesia, 1965. Biafra, 1967. Oh, and Charleston, SC, 1861. Without the US military to guarantee any of these actions we would rightfully expect the Iraqi Army to be called upon to suppress an illegal assertion of independence.

Self-determination is an interesting Wilsonian phrase and coming from you somewhat unexpected. The stakes here, and the potential negative outcomes, are too great to let decisions like independence to be made in a vacuum.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

It's hard to keep them contained.

Self-determination is an interesting Wilsonian phrase and coming from you somewhat unexpected. The stakes here, and the potential negative outcomes, are too great to let decisions like independence to be made in a vacuum.

I don't disagree with you, Streif. It's just that when you start talking about Democracy, then ideas like self-determination keep pushing through the door as well. Then you have to tell the Kurds, the Shia, whoever, that Democracy means something other than you get what you want, even if you voted for it. Just because the Kurds vote overwhelmingly for independence doesn't mean they get it. Democracy doesn't equate to the right of people to self-rule, not in this case, if the self-rule chosen means getting out of a nation-state they don't want to be in.

I'm not sure that we adequately explained this to the folks on the ground, or that we are adequately ready for what can happen if they are reading to many old speeches from post-WWI era.

Democracy and self-determination are not the same things. Our history, the Quebecois, the Flemish/Walloon conflict, and many others demonstrate that self-determination is not absolute. Cases like the "Velvet Divorce" shows how it can happen but the example of Yugoslavia is much more the norm.

In this area of the world we simply can't afford to let self-determination accomplish again what Gavrilo Princip did in Sarajevo in June, 1914.

What the Kurds, Shi'a, etc. need to understand is that they will get much more of what they want inside a federal Iraq that is strong enough to defend them than they will get as independent entities who can't defend themselves.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

What is the standard? by Tjos Weel

You are right, self-determination isnt absolute, but what is standard? Do we have anything to guide us in determining when a region declaring itself independent is okay? I suggest the following:

When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them...
... That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

Of the French and Spanish on our behalf, that quote would be a Trivia Pursuit question.

Are we willing to be the guarantor for the independence of any of these statelets? Is anyone? If not, they may make a moral statement by declaring independence but they will be just another Iranian or Turkish province in short order unless they can defend themselves.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

Theory and pragmatism are two different things. I dont think we should determine whether it is "right" to do something based on whether or not it will succeed.

That being said, should we negotiate with Turkey to get them to accept a Kurdistan? Maybe, eventually. Or maybe we tell the Kurds they have our full moral support but they are on their own. Hope it works out for ya.

Im also not sure that as a Turkish or Iranian province they wouldnt be more trouble than they are worth. Could be the worst mistake Turkey or Iran could make.

I think we have to by streiff

Something that is just a bad idea is not right. While there might be an emotional appeal to Kurdish independence, unless we are willing to guarantee that independence we are really subsidizing genocide.

Both the Turks and Iranians have shown that no province is more trouble than its worth, especially when it contains a huge amount of oil.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

Subsidizing genocide? by Tjos Weel

Kurdish independence isnt our decision to make. If they choose to go for it, it may be suicide, but we wont be involved (unless we support them or oppose them).

Hopefully, the surge succeeds, Iraq stabalizes, the troops come home. Then if Kurdistan breaks off, its not our problem, they made a choice.

Now, if you are talking about the Biden plan, well, thats different. But I thought we were all already in agreement that Biden is an idiot.

yes, it is by streiff

we do have a veto power on that subject. If we don't do all we can to dissuade them from independence then we will be complicit in setting their fate. Doing nothing doesn't mean you aren't acting. It just means you are doing nothing.

Kurdistan breaking off would be very much our problem for reasons I outlined in the story.

"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

Turkey will not accept an independent Kurdistan on its borders, especially with the history they have with the PKK (Kurdistan Worker's Party), which has engaged in a considerable amount of terrorist activity.

See background:
http://www.cfr.org/publication/9241/#3

 
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