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Decoding the Objectives of the Fed’s QE2

It’s been clear enough to everyone with eyes that the most visible effect of the Fed’s QE2 program would be to inflate the stock market, and possibly (because of the weaker dollar) commodities too.

A view is starting to emerge that this is what Bernanke actually had in mind. Creating a huge amount of new "bank money" obviously did nothing to stimulate the creation of "economy money," and I suspect this came as something of a surprise to Bernanke.

So the idea with QE2 is to actually create "economy money" by bidding up midcurve Treasury paper well past its current value. (If that reminds you of what Fannie and Freddie do with mortgages, give yourself a gold star.)

It’s remarkable that the Fed’s total Treasury-debt purchase plan ($600bn over six months) amounts to more of this paper than is currently outstanding. If they succeed, you can probably expect to see a drastic change in the shape of the yield curve. Think of dropping a bowling ball on it, just left of the center line.

And that metaphor understates the steepening at the long end. Since the Fed doesn’t anticipate buying in the 30-year bond, that maturity has taken it on the chin, rising in yield by nearly 20 basis points over the past two days. (Yields have risen across the curve today with the better-than-expected unemployment report.)

What’s supposed to happen? You, the investing public, are supposed to reason that there’s just no point in holding overpriced risk-free paper, and stampede into the stock market. The resulting bubbling-up of stock prices is supposed to make you feel richer and happier, and in turn induce you to buy more fine consumer goods imported from China.

Never mind that nothing in that theory says that you’ll go to the US stock markets to invest what has now been effectively converted to risk capital. Lots of other markets are potentially more attractive on fundamentals than US stocks. That’s why everyone from Thailand to Brazil, including even Germany, is starting to talk about capital controls.

They’re worried that yield-obsessed Americans will pour Bernanke Dollars into their economies, fueling inflation, asset bubbles, and the kinds of instabilities that, in extreme form, led to the 1997 Asian Flu crisis that tore apart the economies of South Korea, Thailand, and several others.

Have you heard some of the loonier proposals from hotshot economists trying to understand why the private sector economy has become so risk averse? I’ve even heard people talking about a "balance sheet tax," which would take away some percentage of the cash that businesses hold every year. The idea is that you’re supposed to spend it rather than hold it.

But nothing could be more counterproductive. Businesses and individuals aren’t being irrational in their fear of overspending and overinvesting.  If policymakers force them to take more risk than is warranted under current conditions, they’ll find other ways to reduce risk, possibly by liquidating assets. That would be an incredible disaster.

But QE2 is, in a way, a form of the same strategy. The Fed hopes to increase risk-taking not in the correct way, by increasing the real risk-adjusted returns on risk; but in the incorrect way, by taking away the tools that people use to manage risk today. They’re not going to succeed.

So keep in mind that the US stock market bubble that now seems likely for next year will not be based on fundamentals. If you buy it, stay near the exit. And hope that you don’t get run down by the millions of other people standing near the exit, when the bubble bursts.

COMMENTS

  • http://theminorityreportblog.com Repair_Man_Jack

    I see that as the real knee-capping effect of QE2.

    People don’t always notice monetary inflation immediately. They certainly know how much it costs to fill the car every month and feed their families. My wife was thinking yesterday about what it was costing her to get sertain groceries. I just got a new car and will start bench-marking how much my fuel will cost with the first new tank.

    If the commodities go up, the poorest in America are the hardest hit. I can take one or punches. The people a few miles down the road from me in the house trailers perhaps can’t.

  • partyof1

    What?s supposed to happen? You, the investing public, are supposed to reason that there?s just no point in holding overpriced risk-free paper, and stampede into the stock market.

    Is this the same administration that wants to raise the capital gains tax from 15 to 20% next year, and the dividends tax rate from 15 to 39.6%?

    And they want us to stampede where?

  • natlanthem

    I am thinking the timing of all this is a bit suspect. Let’s just say you were afraid of the stock market rebounding favorably to a Republican sweep, and you had been wanting to execute on a bond buy, but had flexibility on the calendar. Seems like to good an opportunity to miss, firing off the start just after the election to obscure any market vindication of the Rs.

    • Read Chesterton

      They weren’t even subtle about it.

    • Francis Cianfrocca

      The Fed announced this after a regularly-scheduled FOMC meeting, and they carefully coordinated the move with the primary dealers ahead of time. They even polled them to find out what amount of QE market participants would have a good reaction to.

      To me, that right there says that they’re trying to activate psychological factors as well as macroeconomic ones, and that could well be the right thing to do. In any case, if there’s a link to the election, it seems tenuous to me.

      Second, the NY Fed have been executing an also-preannounced program of expanding the money supply since mid-August, via POMOs funded with proceeds of maturing mortgage paper on the Fed’s balance sheet. These operations have been creating $6bn a week, give or take, since then.

      And guess what? Measures of broad money supply have roughly doubled since then, and the stock market is up over 12%. Also not likely to have been timed to the election.

      The Fed have to realize they’re in for a lot more scrutiny of their operations from the new Republican Congress. And they’ve obviously been realizing this for months now. Ron Paul is going to make Bernanke’s job as hellish as he can manage.

      That means that the Fed will be a lot more cautious about what they do, and will publish a lot more detail on their internal deliberations. It doesn’t mean the overall thrust of monetary policy will actually change.

      At least I hope not.

  • Ann_W

    And all of us if that sets off the inflation that it could. The KC Fed guy thought the risk outweighed the benefit. Isn’t this what Japan has been doing for a decade that has held down their growth?

    I’m so sick of them picking winners and losers.

    GED RID OF THE FED!!

    • texasgalt

      been abused over the last couple of years. It will be worse when the inflation comes . . . and it will. The dollar is tanking and commodities are rising.

      They want us in the stock market, where the they can sheer the sheep, yet again.

      • Ann_W
    • Read Chesterton

      and they were. The fed was originally set up as a private institution as a fail-safe against a government takeover of the currency. Come one everyone, how much worse could it have been if Congress had been granted the power to print money. Unfortunately, the Fed has been co-opted. We now find ourselves with an Executive Branch with the power to print money. We’re basically just as screwed. And the “Jekyll Island” crowd feel vindicated, whether they deserve to or not.

      • http://dreamsfrommyforefathers.com RoguePolitics

        “Come one everyone, how much worse could it have been if Congress had been granted the power to print money”

        After all, congress created the FED, to print money.

        The Federal Reserve System was a way to avoid responsibility for printing that money. “Not us,” they say, “them.”

        And then drive the myth that Greenspan or Bernanke or Volcker has some prophetic visionary ability, which only works when unobserved like Schrodingers Cat, to scare the folks away from looking behind the curtain. Even peeking destroys the magic.

        Move along nothing to Audit here folks.

    • Francis Cianfrocca

      Bernanke went out of his way to try to reassure markets on this point, by writing a very unusual WaPo op-ed piece. He said that the inflation fear is overdone, and in any case the Fed has tools to cool it off if necessary.

      Hoenig has been a dissenter on this for months. Markets are clearly pricing in a significant inflation risk, which is part of the explanation for the action in the 30-year.

      What the Japanese have been doing for almost two decades now is holding interest rates extremely low and running high levels of fiscal stimulus. They did a form of QE, different from Bernanke’s, back around 2004 or so when they realized that they’d get eaten alive if they kept trying to support the yen. Their QE actually kind of worked for a while. (In the sense of producing some output growth.)

      You could fill a shelf of books with the ongoing debate on how our situation is like Japan and how it’s not, and whether we’re likely to repeat their experience. My personal belief is that we’re more alike than not, but it’s very much an open question.

  • Marcus_Traianus

    Don’t get me wrong, we are all happy to take their, err, the people’s money while they create an elephant size “bubble” bound to crash. But like you, I am also taking some precautions for when the air potentially comes out.

    I say “potentially” since maybe old Ben is speculating that Republicans have enough juice to keep the Bush tax rates (stopping the increase), kill ObamaCare, crush Tax and Cap and cut spending? That would create some business certainty, stabilize the tax situation, perhaps nudge the job market and bring economic stability?

    Nah. He ain’t that smart. I will keep going short.

    • Alberta
  • Alberta

    The one thing I disagree with you on is Ben Bernanke and his WaPo article. Because the point of all this stuff, as you pointed out, is to cause inflation. So he can reassure all he wants, but you’ll excuse me for not having confidence in his abilities to see into the future and know the magic moment when to pull the plug. It’s not even a disagreement, really.

    • Francis Cianfrocca

      Inflation is a remarkably sticky thing. And expectations of future inflation (which is different from actual inflation) change microeconomic behavior in ways that cut against macro policy.

      I don’t think QE2 is going to do much lasting good for the economy. The asset bubbles will be just that- bubbles.

      And it will accelerate the transfer of value from savers to banks that has been the Fed’s implicit policy since the crisis.

      Bernanke made a point that I found striking: he said that it’s a fact of life that you can’t have a growing economy without a robust financial sector. While that explains a lot of what he’s done, it looks past the fact that the financial sector needs fundamental reform, which it hasn’t gotten.

  • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

    As I was describing on another forum. I?ve still got my gold from last year, and now I am buying silver. Before the end of the year, when the capital gains tax cuts expire, I will cash out my biggest stock investment and use the money to pay off my house.

    It makes no sense to hold a large amount of currency, (unless one of you can reccomend a foreign currency that is not likely to crash. )

    If you have any bonds, sell them before the end of the year, The will not do well during inflation. If you have CD’s or money markets, or just a savings account, consider putting that towards the principle on your home, or buy something valuable and hold on to it.

    DO NOT take on any new debt right now.

  • chemjeff

    Hi Francis and others,
    This is all very confusing for an average guy like me – could you recommend a resource or two that explains what all this is about?

    • http://dreamsfrommyforefathers.com RoguePolitics

      Hayak, Everything.

      Some would say Adam Smith, it is like reading Deuteronomy. Not wrong just hard.

      But ask yourself something else; if the US was a person what would you recommend?

      If your friend down the street revealed to you a mountain of debt, confessed an inability to stop eating lard sandwiches, told you his doctor diagnosed him with clogged arteries, what money he did get in hand he spent on the ladies, etc. What would your advice be?

      Probably, live within your means, stop eating pork rinds, exercise a little more, get a real job and quit screwing around with the hookers.

      The same things that destroy a person, destroy a nation.
      Debt, indolence, intellectual laziness, immorality, equivacation, rationalizing all this behavior as normal or justifying it because everybody else is doing it.

      I preach a lot against the national debt. It is going to destroy the US as soon as interest rates go up and they will go up.

      (The only way to prevent a rise in rates is to stop borrowing and start paying. This would create a natural down pressure on interest rates.)

      But we should recognize one simple truth; if $14 Trillion somehow fell into the Treasury tomorrow and all our debts were settled, we would be right back where we are now in less than 20 years. Maybe less than 10.

      The reason is simple; we are a morally depraved nation that believes it is OK to steal from one man and give to another. They wouldn’t like it if their neighbor did it but let the government do it and they think it is perfectly acceptible to rob the one in order to buy the vote of another.

      This is not to say there are no voices in the wilderness, calling out for a return to moral behavior but the majority of the population will gladly accept “free” stuff without asking questions where it came from.

      Liike folks buying a color TV for half price from the back of a truck, they know where it came from.

  • http://www.redstate.com/etcartman Kenny Solomon

    …..what then…… Just open fire ?

    World Bank chief seeks new gold standard debate.

    Zoellick called for a system that “is likely to need to involve the dollar, the euro, the yen, the pound and (yuan) that moves toward internationalization and then an open capital account.”

    “Likely”.

    Nice.

    We’re being set up by Totalitarians who make Soros look like a hot dog vendor on a minimally-traveled street corner during the weekend overnight shift.

    • http://www.redstate.com/etcartman Kenny Solomon

      Reuters article…….

      http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6A70D720101108