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EDITOR OF REDSTATE

The Facts About the Bush Tax Cuts

A lot of the media and all of the Democrats seem to forget one simple fact about the Bush tax cuts: they were passed in response to a recession occurring as George W. Bush and Dick Cheney entered office.

Moe Lane wrote an excellent post about the impact of the Democrats not extending the Bush tax cuts, but what about what they actually did.

We should not forget that.

The 2001 Economic Growth and Recovery Tax Act was George Bush’s version of Barack Obama’s stimulus plan. However, instead of creating a bunch of temporary government jobs and subsidizing the expansion of government, it cut tax rates, increased the child tax credit, increased the standard deduction for married couples, and increasing contribution caps for a variety of savings programs. The result? The recession ended in November of 2001. (Source)

But, September 11, 2001, happened as the economy was recovering and throughout 2002, the economy grew at an anemic rate. The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 revved up the 2001 tax cut package and cut taxes again on dividends and capital gains.

The result?

Under George W. Bush’s “tax cuts for the rich” the rich paid more in taxes in 2005 than any time in the prior 20 years. In fact, as the Wall Street Journal noted, thanks to George W. Bush’s tax cuts for the rich, the richest one percent went from paying 25% of all income taxes in 1990 to 39% in 2005. The richest 5% went from paying 44% of all income taxes in 1990 to paying 60% of all income taxes in 2005.

In 1980, when the top income tax rate was 70%, the richest 1% paid only 19% of all income taxes; now, with a top rate of 35%, they pay more than double that share.

More crucially, after the 2001 initial tax cuts, the annual growth rate went from 0.3% in 2001 to 2.5% in 2002. By 2004, GDP growth was the highest in 20 years. (Source)

Likewise, after the 2003 tax cuts, the unemployment rate fell to the lowest level since World War II. Let me repeat that: the Bush economic program created the lowest unemployment level ever. In fact, economists liken it to full employment given the demographic composition of those who were left on the unemployment line.

This is but a bit of what the Bush tax cuts did.

Why then the collapse? There are lots of reasons for the collapse. For one thing, contrary to what economists would have you believe, they are not scientists and the economy is not a science. There have been upturns and downturns in the economy since economies first developed several millennia ago. But also, massive new regulations in Sarbanes-Oxley and the continuing incursion of the government via Fannie and Freddie into private lending markets forcing private lenders to launch even riskier ventures to stay profitable led to a lot of schemes collapsing in on themselves and taking the economy out too.

That has nothing to do with the Bush tax cuts. The Bush tax cuts, objectively, helped the economy both recovery from the 2000-2001 recession and spur some of the greatest economic activity the nation has ever seen.

In their efforts to end the Bush tax cuts during a prolonged recession, the Democrats risk making the economy worse and introducing greater uncertainty into the market.

COMMENTS

  • davesinsanantonio

    Making the economy worse is exactly what they want. They are out to “fundamentally remake America”. To do that they have to “introduce greater uncertainty into the market”.
    I hope the voters remember this in November, and in years–even decades–to come. We have to get rid of not only the politicians who want to destroy this country, but also the bureaucrats who support their plans.
    If we do not remain strong economically, militarily, politically, and religiously, we are doomed. As soon as we are weak enough, or perceived to be weak enough, the attacks will come. Not only from the islamo-fascists, but from the other two-bit dictators such as Huge-o Chavez and (Ras)Putin, and the drug czars, and the eco-nuts, and any one else who envies our prosperity, or hates our freedoms.

  • mousestalker

    Interjecting facts and history into a politico-economic discussion. The Obama-Keynes stimulus will work this time because the people in charge this time are better and brighter than before. Unlike when Carter was President the top people all have flunkies with computers. Obama even has a Blackberry.

    The stimulus will work this time. All those Harvard graduates guarantee that. Really.

    /sarcasm

  • RedBeard

    Facts are not only useless to a leftie, but are considered poisonous.

  • baldbarian

    Clinton fixed Reagan and Bush lied and we invaded Iraq to take the oil so Cheney could reward all his oil contacts and the rich got rich and we all got shafted and President Lightbringer is fixing it all with really much smarter people than have ever served in gov’t ever… and look at Chavez who much better the people are now than before when rich capitalist stole the oil from the people and Cuba has better healthcare and Republicans just want to eat babies and kill whales and they are so evil and did not you see the movie Avatar about how evil capitalism is and all we need to do is plant more flowers and stop killing all the animals and all this econ stuff is just so complicated and boring and I know Lightbringer is doing right ’cause he said he would and I feel the hope and want the change… dirty republicans…

  • throwback59

    Just heard Chris van Hollen on MESSNBC (yeah, I know) claim the Bush tax cuts “did not lead to a roaring economy.”
    If Obama was able to get unemployment down to 4.5% you can bet dems would be roaring.

  • http://www.reddit.com/user/pi_over_three/ Pi Over Three

    Does anyone have another good source?

  • http://www.neoavatara.com/blog neoavatara

    …to explain facts to Democrats.

    At the same time they argue that deficits don’t matter because of the economy, they are talking about fiscal restraint by raising taxes. Obama at the same time says that tax increases in a recession are counterintuitive…and then supports just such a tax increase.

    There was a crash, It was partially the govt’s fault. But the tax cuts had little if anything to with it. Causation without evidence is the sign of a simple mind.

  • gumbeaux

    Obama is not an idiot, yes a socialist, but not an idiot. He has been schooled by Soros and other Globalist Marxists as to how to wreck our economy and make us all SUBJECTS instead of CITIZENS. This is only going to happen if we let it happen. We can change things in November but it will not be without some kind of fight. There will be vote challenges all over the place and more lawsuits than you can imagine. Follow the money and you will see who is behind it, i.e. Soros and Obama. Why do you think all of that bailout money that was paid back did not go into the treasury and budget?

  • jamestn1

    I am so tired of liberals repeating the argument that tax cuts for anyone including +$250K producers are a ‘benefit’ that must be ‘paid for’ or ‘will add to the deficit’. Even Paul Ryan furthered this idea of ‘ financing’ tax cuts during his conversation with Chris ‘Tinglythighs’ Matthews.

    TAX CUTS ARE NOT A BENEFIT!

    Not seizing what a hard-working American has earned is not a benefit, therefore the agument that one cannot be for tax cuts and deficit reduction is ludicrous, fallacious, and invalid. Tax cuts and deficit reduction are not mutually exclusive.

  • Locked and Loaded
  • Locked and Loaded
  • rdelbov

    Erick is 100% right–I might add one point–Tax rates & tax cuts are also about financial security and planning. So what exactly is our tax rate situation for 2011? What sort of estimates will people owe? The same or more in 2011?

    What will be the tax rates on capital gains and dividends in 2011?

    Not one knows and that is precisely my point. The Democrats are holding these tax rate questions hostage to their own purposes.

    What does uncertainty do to economic planning? It hinders it and we do not make investment plans the economy stalls–precisely what we see right now–economic stalling.

    I might add that causing uncertainty to further your political plans is very unbusiness like. The Democrats have an agenda on tax cuts and its politically driven. Obama/Pelosi/Reid are at the helm and yes business people get the drift–Their future is being held hostage to the democrats greater political purpose. They want to tax the rich to pay for their programs.

    End of story

  • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

    even to those who never took an economics class.

    Governments have two ways in which they react to recessions (they never seem to just do nothing, although that would probably be the best course)

    They can cut taxes. This will cause some higher deficits in the short term but ALWAYS results in growth, and reduces the impact of the deficits because of that growth.

    Or they can stimulate through spending. As we can see, that NEVER works. and greatly increases the deficit. It didn’t work recently, it didn’t work in the 1930′s, it did not work for the Japanese in the 1990′s, It does not work!

    We need to put this Keynesian dog to death once and for all.

  • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

    even to those who never took an economics class.

    Governments have two ways in which they react to recessions (they never seem to just do nothing, although that would probably be the best course)

    They can cut taxes. This will cause some higher deficits in the short term but ALWAYS results in growth, and reduces the impact of the deficits because of that growth.

    Or they can stimulate through spending. As we can see, that NEVER works. and greatly increases the deficit. It didn’t work recently, it didn’t work in the 1930′s, it did not work for the Japanese in the 1990′s, It does not work!

    We need to put this Keynesian dog to death once and for all.

  • Death_of_the_Donkey

    I was under the impression that the soon to be submitted tax bill would retain the Bush cuts on all but the top bracket and raise the dividend/cap gains taxes to 20% (at the 90′s level for cap gains and below it for dividends). The top bracket kicks in at $374,000 right now, so what we seem to be going nuts about is a 3 cents per dollar tax increase on income beyond $374,000.

    Sadly, the deficit/debt has gotten so bad, that cutting alone is not going to save our bacon and (since we were unable to balance the budget/reduce the debt) during the Bush boom Erick referenced, we are going to have to have some tax increases as part of a (hopefully) larger package of spending cuts in order to balance the budget/pay down the debt.

    I personally would rather have slightly higher tax rates now, if in fact those rates, plus spending cuts (including entitlements and defense) could drastically reduce our debt so that rates could come down dramatically in the future. Perhaps, if we could really reign in spending and essentially eliminate the debt, we could get back to the original 1913 top rate of 7% (not including payroll taxes of course).

  • eastbaylarry

    would be to cut spending and regulation. Don’t bother to tell me this will never happen, I know that.

    But I would be willing to bet my meager monthly income that it would work.

  • eastbaylarry

    would be to cut spending and regulation. Don’t bother to tell me this will never happen, I know that.

    But I would be willing to bet my meager monthly income that it would work.

  • eastbaylarry

    When those rates go up, the volume goes down, (moves out-country). The top earners can afford to do this and will if it increases their ‘take home’ or even just maintains it at current levels.

  • JSobieski

    and the economic uncertainty won’t end. Without a clear signal that Obama won’t or more likely can’t (GOP house majority in 2011), money will continue to pile up on the sidelines, which means no jobs.

  • normcal

    In order to get the Bush Tax Cuts, Bush negotiated with the democrats, who wanted the so called rich to pay more. It was the democrats and Rhino Republicans that wanted the provision that resulted in the so called rich paying more as described here. It was the democrats who wanted the cuts to end 12/31/10 and Bush agreed to it, to get the bill passed. This because unlike Obama who has a health care majority. And as I recall, the poorest among us were removed from the tax rolls and will they be added back 1/1/11, thanks to the Obama party ?

    Let?s look at the majorities Bush had. There was the power sharing of Trent Lott [when each party had 50 seats until Jeffords switched parties ?01 to ?03], the crying liberal known as Voinovich and the Can’t we all get along Frist, another majority leader. During the years ?03 to ?05 Republicans had a 3 seat majority. The Main girls made a big difference then. It wasn?t till ?05 when Republicans really had control with 11 seats, except the Main Girls once again. By that time the media turned the country against Bush. The wars ? Bush?s predecessor cut military spending and an increase was required with two wars. Beefing up security after 9 1 1 was needed and the money, after taking it from the rest of us, came out of the Federal budget. The democrats, especially after taking the congress in ’06, stuffed budgets full of pork and held war funding hostage to get Bush’s signature. He was not a Ronald Reagan – take no prisoners and so he did more get alongs than I liked. Despite what the media says, the Prescription Drug Program is a success – costs big, but then seniors worked for it. Heritage did an excellent piece on this topic last week. It was not all Bush. It certainly was Obama and his party with the CRA and Fannie and Freddie. All I ask for is a little truth with our history and no revisionism. The Blamer in Chief has had 18 months with a big majority and they tout ?accomplishments?

  • msctex

    . . .money first has to be earned. For money to be earned, there must be an incentive or a reason — the person doing the earning must have reason to believe they will retain a sufficient portion of what is earned, one so that value of their time is commensurate with the value of the money earned. Or else they simply will not bother, or understandably but worse, will do just enough to get by until conditions change.

    This is literally beyond the comprehension of a Democrat/Liberal/Socialist/Progressive, because they are not taught, in their most fundamental, root-level philosophic education, that actions have consequences, and nothing happens for no reason. The fact that the Government takes in less money under conditions of higher taxation is beyond their ken, because they simply do not or cannot comprehend the process of how money is made, and how an economy subsequently functions.

    Hence, disastrous confusion.

  • Tom_Holsinger

    Eric,

    I respectfully request that you make a big hairy deal about this.

    Hammer away, constantly, that the Democrats are turning a recession into a depression, in particular with the pitch that they are doing so with a major tax increase during a recession. Remind people that a major tax increase during a recession always makes things worse.

    People remember that last point: “A major tax increase during a recession makes the recession worse. It always has.” This is very true, and people do keep that in mind when you remind them. Any Democrat who disputes it ruins his credibilty immediately.

    So repeat that line over and over again, and add second sentence:

    “A major tax increase during a recession always makes the recession worse. The Democrats are hitting us with a major tax increase in 2011, and that will turn this recession into a depression.”

    It really is more likely than not that the massive 2011 tax increase from expiration of the Bush administration tax cuts will turn this recession into a depression.

    Real unemployment is about 20%. Two straight years of 20%+ unemployment is a depression.

    Get that marker out. Blame the Democrats for it in advance. Warn the public what is coming.

    You can’t hammer this point enough.

  • romeg

    than for long-term members of Congress to start citing “facts” about why, first Reagan’s and then Bush’s tax cuts ’caused these huge deficits’. What is more frustrating is when so-called economists, such as Paul Krugman, famed Nobel Laureate and former Enron advisor, engage in this fallacious logic and when people who are supposed to be the watchdogs turn out to be lap dogs instead.

    The counter to that is “Well, everybody does that…” as if that makes it o.k.

    What I would like to see is more candidates and elected officials in the mold of Governor Chris Christie who, polls be damned, was elected to take action and he, by golly, takes action. Every time I watch him I’m reminded of Ronald Reagan and his understanding of and his willingness to use the power of his office and all of its accouterments.

  • aesthete

    The tax cut was largely sold and passed under Keynesian grounds. Greg Mankiw was the economist who provided most of the intellectual and rhetorical firepower going in, and he was a major player in the “New Keynesian” economic revolution. Keynesianism isn’t inherently anti- tax cut, whatever leftists would want you to believe.

  • aesthete

    I think the case is a bit oversold by the right (there were certainly other factors, including monetary policy, which contributed to near-full employment and the end of the recession), but overall, the tax cuts achieved their policy aims.

    This recession is very different from others, and should be approached differently. I’m not sure that tax cuts will be as useful as they have been in the past, and cutting spending (though it has had interesting results) will likely not be inherently helpful for alleviating our economic woes, though it should be done regardless. Deregulation would be a moderate help, as well, but not a major one. That said, “moderate success” would be much better than “unmitigated disaster”, as can be said of Stimulus II.

  • etlib

    I submit that the current recession was partially caused by (and certainly exacerbated by) the election of the Dims in 2006 & 2008 making it almost certain that the Bush Tax Cuts would not be extended. Thereby causing some businesses to begin preparations back then.

  • Death_of_the_Donkey

    and probably with much more data/facts, that the biggest driver of our last expansion was in fact easy credit/low interest rates as opposed to tax cuts.

  • clariancall

    Taxation is money taken from the people so that government can spend it for the people. Besides defense and the security of this country, there is little else the government can do for the people that the people can better do for themselves!! This government has gotten too big in areas that they have no business and it is beginning to show. Too many laws infringing on personal liberties, spending priorities out of wack, corruption, crippling deficits, wealth distribution insanity, etc. This administration creates nothing and takes money from the taxpayers to do it. We need to stop ridiculous spending on things that the government should not be involved in and deregulate that which the government has put in place to make sure that they continue to take your money to do it. Vote in November!!!

  • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

    But when I think of Keynesianism, I don’t think of his original theory, I think of government pump priming.

    And the evidence is that it don’t work. period. Tax relief does.

    Or as Eastbaylarry says, cutting spending and regulation would also probably help insofar as it might cause the deficit to decline. But governments never do that so we don’t have a recent example.

  • http://conservativemountaineer.blogspot.com/ conservativemountaineer

    then we can all expect poor people to start businesses, invest capital, hire people, etc.

    However, you’re wrong on many counts.

    First, Geithner is saying tax rates for >$200K individuals and >$250K couples will not be extended.. a far cry from the $374K amount you claim. Just who creates jobs in this Country? Hmmm?

    Second, you actually believe slightly higher rates, even combined with spending cuts, could drastically reduce the debt? I don’t even want to try what your’re smoking. Spending cuts never happen. Tax rates rarely get reduced. The government trough must be continually filled.. so sayeth the bureaucrats.

  • http://conservativemountaineer.blogspot.com/ conservativemountaineer

    n/t

  • merryj1

    “Lightbringer” is the meaning of the word/name, “Lucifer.”

  • merryj1

    With tax increases (from the Bush cuts) on small businesses, those businesses contract along with the 70% of job creation. All of the unemployed, of course, can then send their resumes to some guy in a homeless shelter, but those jobs really don’t pay a living wage.

  • wannabeanncoulter

    ….because money can be taxed without its having been “earned.”

    Your statement makes sense if you’re using the term “earned” as in “earned income,” specifically wages and salaries. It doesn’t work if you’re using “earned” broadly enough to include what the tax code considers unearned income, eg, interest, dividends, capital gains.

  • JSobieski

    Dividends and capital gains are ultimately the result of money that was invested in order to create products/services that could be sold.

    There is no such thing as a free lunch or truly unearned income. Even in the case of a trust fund baby, the income is still earned, it was just earned by someone who didn’t spend it and instead passed it to someone else.

    In terms of the underlying truth of an incentive based economy, what many consider “unearned” income are actually more susceptible in both directions to supply-side impacts. In other words, the positive impact of a 5% reduction in capital gains tends to overshadow the positive impact of a 5% reduction in the top marginal tax rate for the reason that capital gains, unlike income, are under the control of the individual. If I don’t see the investment, there is no gain. Very few people can actually avoid having some “earned income” but virtually everyone can avoid having “unearned income” if they wish to do so.

  • aesthete

    Japan’s “lost decade” is proof enough of that, if we needed any more.

  • aesthete

    cutting spending and regulation, you might want to take a look at New Zealand since the ’80s, and “Rogernomics”. Essentially, their own conservative revolution stuck and prospered, and led to an actual cutting of government spending and regulation which still continues, albeit at a slower pace than initially. It’s done a great job of making New Zealand quite prosperous, despite leftist caterwauling. (It also helped them get out of a recession, though the circumstances of and reasons for that recession were very different from our current crisis.)

  • http://www.examiner.com/x-1597-Charlotte-Law--Politics-Examiner Mike gamecock DeVine

    a recession. Time was always going to be required after this bubble given the loss of so much wealth by homeowners. People have to rebuild savings to have the security to risk again, and there must be the anticipation of profits before small business would even seek loans. But unlike in all past recessions, this time there is not the usual INCREASE in business formation in year two. Reagan especially put in place policies to encourage business formation and expansion. ObamaDems have been hostile to business formation which is ensuring a deep double dip.

    The UNDER employm,ent rate now is not that far from similar estimates of the same category during much of the 1930s.

    This is gonna really test us and is now.

  • aesthete

    and supply sider, you might be interested in Greg Mankiw and Christina Romer’s respective work on tax cuts and the spending multiplier, two influential modern-day Keynesians with research showing that tax cuts may have higher multipliers than is conventionally imagined by Keynesians. Christina Romer and her husband (both economists) recently co-wrote a paper in which they posit that tax cuts have a multiplier of 3! In other words, for every dollar of tax cuts, the GDP would rise by $3. This is pretty extreme: for comparison’s sake, most research puts the multiplier on government spending as, at most, 2. Here’s the kicker: the Obama economic team (of which she is one of the heavy hitters) posited a multiplier of about 1.5 for government spending: a pretty middle of the road measure for govt. spending among economists. Perhaps her opinion has reversed, but considering that she was going against the grain in a big way in her original paper, I’d say some muzzling was involved. IMO, Obama’s economic team is generally his rubber stamp commission, and some of them are participating in the hope that they can make bad economic bills better on the margins. (I don’t think there are that many Paul Krugmans and Brad DeLongs out there in the econ world.) I’m not sure that this recession can be solved through conventional monetary or Keynesian policy tools (tax cuts, the Fed, and government spending, generally). But if they are, I’d rather have tax cuts: even not-perfect packages like the Bush tax cuts have proven pretty good.

    You’re absolutely right, btw: Keynes and economists in general (besides some outliers like Krugman) are opposed to changing the current tax structure for the worse during recessions (though in all fairness, they’re also against nixing government expenditures, though to a lesser extent, as GMU, the U of Chicago, Austrians and monetarists would show). My guess is that ObamaDems are going into this non-renewal with their eyes wide open; i.e., with their economists kicking and screaming for them to renew the Bush tax cuts or otherwise promise no tax hikes. The Democratic Party’s composition, ideology, and interest groups make them unlikely to nix barriers to business entry, remove regulation that costs businesses money, and other supply side helps.

  • aesthete

    corresponding article: http://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/crisis-economics

  • http://www.examiner.com/x-1597-Charlotte-Law--Politics-Examiner Mike gamecock DeVine

    paper as well as another supply side paper of hers, and numerous statements and actual Clinton-era policies of Summers that go against the policies they have advanced for Obama. I will read the links you provided.

  • reggilbert

    today paul krugman convincingly demonstrates two major factual errors in this post :

    1) the post says in 2004, after the 2001 tax cuts, gdp gorwth was the highest in 20 years, but the stats say it was higher several times in the 1990s and 1980s

    2) the post says after the 2003 tax cuts unemployment was the lowest since world war II, when the stats show it was lower in both the late 1960s and 1900s

    these are major errors in easily obtainable statistics. both errors favor the argument of the post (that the bush tax cuts were very good for the economy).

    there is no excuse for this sloppiness — raw economic growth and employment information is very easy to obtain — and if the cause is intentional falsification, it is an outrage to intelligent debate

  • don345

    With respect to the incorrect claim that GDP growth was higher in 2004 than in 20 years, the source cited for this claim appears to be a projection from 2004, not an actual statistic.

    I would encourage you to be more careful in selecting your sources. There is no good reason to rely on a six year old projection when actual data are available – especially when the projection is so strongly refuted by the actual data.

  • msctex

    I was dealing with the root-level facts, and did not branch off into the insanity of taxing money that would otherwise more than likely be reinvested and immediately reenter the economy. Perhaps “created” would have been a more precise word.

    As there is of course no such thing in reality as “unearned income.” A wise investment is an act of the mind, and is recognized as such by people who do not make their livings with their hands in the pockets of others.

  • Aaron Gardner

    Or are you going to just let the accusation dangle out there without providing actual proof?

  • aesthete

    Erick’s general point in the OP is a good one, but a bit oversold. I’ve seen far worse than erroneously using an economic projection in an OP: economic blogging and business blogging is a real wasteland, at times *shudders*

  • aesthete

    Linky: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=ny_gdp_mktp_kd_zg&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=country&idim=country:USA&tstart=-283996800000&tunit=Y&tlen=47&hl=en&dl=en

  • aesthete

    I’m not a correlation = causation guy, but it’s interesting to note that the times of major growth occur directly after a war (which is, for our purposes, government easing up on spending and regulation), after massive deregulation (see the late 70s), or after a tax cut.

  • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

    The spending multiplier is MUCH MCUH lower than 2, In fact, there are times when the spending multiplier might be negative. (inasmuch as it scares markets)

    There are other times when it might be higher, but those are times when you do not need any stimulus. What I mean by that is that during boom times when the economy is already overheating, then the government might spend money and it boosts the aggregate demand very high, and leads to an even worse bubble.

    But in times of decline and uncertainty, the evidence is that pump priming does next to nothing and may even have a perverse effect.

    Of course, I don’t have a PHD, so no one listens to me, but I have quite a bit of history on my side.

  • overtaxedtim

    Yes! Not only is it time to stop blaming Bush, but it was never time to blame him to begin with! Bush wanted to reign in the rampant socialist policies of Fannie and Freddy. Bush didn’t cause the housing collapse. He tried to prevent it. The Bush tax cuts if anything, helped keep the economy comparateively stable through the collapse.

    Tax Facts!