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FRONT PAGE CONTRIBUTOR

We Can Do This the Easy Way, or the Hard Way

I confess up front as I write this piece that I have only the most tenuous grasp of finance and/or economics (my willingness to admit this fact being the primary thing that distinguishes me from Ezra Klein). That said, you don’t have to be a money whiz to react with horror at the slow-motion trainwreck that is currently unfolding in Greece, that threatens to imperil most of the Western economic world. Reading Dan’s excellent piece on the Establishment, I was left wondering how many people really and truly understand what the possible consequences are of our current Federal spending policies – either within government or without.

As I scrolled through my Transom today, which contained a number of items  on the Greek crisis, it became clear to me that a) it is entirely within the realm of possibility that someday in the relatively near future, the United States will not be able to meaningfully finance debt spending, which will b) lead to immediate, disorderly and probably panicked structural budget cuts of 40% or more, which c) will lead to massive economic disruption and possible massive civil unrest. Observe what is happening in Greece – default at this point seems imminent given a breakdown in talks between Greece and its private creditors, and Greece looks likely to be kicked out of the Eurozone as a consequence. Of course, being tied to the Euro prevents Greece from the utilizing the last refuge of financial desperation – issuing massive amounts of worthless currency without regard to inflation.

Nonetheless, even this is a temporary refuge. There comes a time – and that time is coming for Greece, absent major changes – when a government simply will not be able to borrow any more money; or will not be able to borrow as much as it needs, or will have to pay so exorbitantly for its credit that it becomes impractical. We’re not there yet as a country, but if we continue to dink around the margins of spending, cutting merely a few billion here or there (and dishonestly calling accounting gimmicks “cuts”) – or even worse, if we fail to stop Obama’s re-election and end up spending even more, we will get there sooner rather than later. And at that moment, like Greece, we will be faced with exigent circumstances demanding instantaneous and disorderly cuts just to keep the government operating.

The choice is not between making moderate cuts or making drastic cuts. The choice is between making drastic cuts now, in areas that make sense and don’t provide value or critical support to the private sector economy, or making drastic, panicked cuts later in the face of even worse economic crises and probable civil unrest. It is going to happen, one way or another. We, as voters, just have to decide whether we are going to continue to reward the cowardly politicians who are preaching ineffective half-measures and coddle the entitled protesters in our midst who shriek every time government is shrunk. We can do this the easy way, or the hard way. But either way, it’s getting done.

COMMENTS

  • izoneguy

    better be buying survival guides and figure out the things a family will need to survive without money or assistance. Most of the city dwellers better be running for the hills or another country. This will end badly and the thugs will probably win out.

    • snowshooze

      I expect the underground economy is doing as much as the official one.
      The Country of course… has already traded and bartered…

      • acat

        One wonders when the tax collectors are going to start going house to house….

        Mew

        • jakeofalltrades

          Funny, I never thought that Hellenistic referred to Hell.

          • acat

            Or .. did their gun-grabbers get lucky?

            Mew

        • izoneguy

          Are the tax collectors….

  • acat

    Mew

  • dave2131

    Who has the marbles to make the cuts? Surely the big gov’t GOP we have now won’t have the backbone to do it. It would lead to a liberal sweep at the next election and it could be all for nothing if they reversed it. You know, how it will play out, we’re killing granny, we don’t want the elderly to live, etc, etc…

    Don’t misunderstand what I’m getting at here though – you are absolutely right – we need the correct, massive cuts now. But how do we get that done, what has the GOP done to make us believe they’ll actually do anything about it.

  • glorybee

    the czar appointments, the detention laws are all tools to use in the face of civil unrest and strife. The Occupy troubles are exactly the necessary catalyst to declare domestic war time footing and consolidate the power of the left. Look for ramped up violence beginning in the spring.

  • CrabCakes

    but I think that you’ve artificially limited our options. I see them as:

    1) We can cut domestic spending.
    2) We can cut defense spending.
    3) We can raise taxes.

    Since we’ve enjoyed tax cuts without corresponding spending cuts over the past few decades, people have gotten the idea that they can have low taxes and high spending indefinitely. Eventually, they’ll have to choose. Personally, I don’t think that any one of the three is going to balance the budget alone–that is, the American people would never tolerate the types of cuts to defense or discretionary spending or the types of tax hikes necessary to balance the budget on the back of any one category alone (not that it would necessarily be mathematically impossible to do so).

    Thus, realistically speaking, the question is how can we balance the budget in a way that best reflects the desires of the American people concerning the role of government, not when we’ll slash domestic spending to a level that we can balance the budget without raising taxes or cutting defense. You’re right that people would revolt and throw out whichever party tried to do that.

    • Leon H. Wolf

      Just for the sake of argument. Would you agree that every tax hike comes with a point of diminishing return built in? If not, there’s no real point continuing the discussion. If so, you would have to acknowledge that some level of very real shrinkage in the scope of services provided by the Federal government is inevitable.

      • CrabCakes

        Thus, doubling the tax rate on soda will decrease the amount of soda sold. Doubling the tax rate on income will decrease the incentive for people to make money.

        I deny, however, the claims sometimes made that increasing tax rates will result in so much less of the thing taxed being consumed or produced that the resulting revenue would be lower than it would have been if the tax rate were lower (unless the tax rate approaches astronomical levels, probably 80%-90%, I’d guess). That is, we’re a long way from the peak of the Laffer curve. Of course, I don’t think it’s at all obvious that we ought to be trying to tax at the peak, but we could theoretically tax at a higher rate and take in more revenue.

        I don’t necessarily think that any shrinkage in government services is inevitable. I think we could cut defense in half and go back to Clinton-level taxes and balance the budget next year. I’m not suggesting that we actually do that; I’m just saying that the stool has three legs and that there’s more than one way to balance the budget.

        • Leon H. Wolf

          I agree that there are probably some areas where a tax increase would result in a long-term increase in revenue. I disagree with your assumption that defense of the country is not a government service. Disagree also that other things will not end up having to be cut.

          Or perhaps things will be affected in ways that won’t be called “cuts.” I think one of the things that needs to happen soonest is that the SS retirement age needs to be raised to match the shift in life expectancy. Everyone knows something like this needs to be done but you can’t even say it out loud in this country if you are a politician.

          • jakeofalltrades

          • CrabCakes

            if we assume that taxes can’t be raised. It’s a choice the American people have to make: Do they want to pay higher taxes now and retire at 65 or do they want lower taxes now and retire at 67, 70, or whenever? Neither option is impossible; but we can’t get away with low taxes and high benefits indefinitely.

    • CrabCakes

      The “you’re right” was directed at dave above. My comment hiatus has left me rusty. Sorry for any confusion.

      • Leon H. Wolf

        The Greeks have been hiking taxes like mad for the last 3 years. Why hasn’t that solved the problem? Why do their creditors still insist that they dramatically slash spending?

        • jakeofalltrades

          You cannot control your income. Profit comes from controlling your expenses.

        • CrabCakes

          but the most significant is that they don’t have their own currency.

          That is, under normal circumstances Greece’s currency would have plummeted relative to Germany’s, making Greece’s exports more attractive, which would have served to counteract their economic downturn. The Euro, which was a stupid (largely anti-American) idea in the first place, has left the problems that Greece first created through it’s profligacy without any natural corrective and created the death spiral that they’re faced with today.

          The U.S. taxes, spends, and borrows in its own currency, so it will never be *forced* to hit the death spiral like Greece has. The U.S. could have to decide between a death spiral and high inflation if it doesn’t get its budget in order, but that’s a lot better than the “choices” that Greece has.

          • carolina

            and every last one of us gets hammered again, just like we were in the 70′s/80′s.
            That is a prime reason why the “powers that be” do not want to go back to a gold standard. They like to keep their options open.
            A floating fiat currency: “by alternating inflations and deflations the middle class will be impoverished”.
            Why do you think oil stays around $100/bbl? Because gold is staying over $1500/oz.
            $ per bbl of oil has ALWAYS been around 1/15th of $ per oz of gold, over the long term. Gold tells us just what our $ is worth. We all are already paying a price (higher gasoline cost) because of Fed monetary policy.
            This lowers the standard of living for everyone, and especially for lower income folks.

          • jakeofalltrades

            Which is great for America if you’re sick of us being called a “Super Power”… or even a “Power”.

          • carolina

            and every last one of us gets hammered again, just like we were in the 70′s/80′s.
            That is a prime reason why the “powers that be” do not want to go back to a gold standard. They like to keep their options open.
            A floating fiat currency: “by alternating inflations and deflations the middle class will be impoverished”.
            Why do you think oil stays around $100/bbl? Because gold is staying over $1500/oz.
            $ per bbl of oil has ALWAYS been around 1/15th of $ per oz of gold, over the long term. Gold tells us just what our $ is worth. We all are already paying a price (higher gasoline cost) because of Fed monetary policy.
            This lowers the standard of living for everyone, and especially for lower income folks.

        • lizzie

          and all you have to do is send in a flock of German tax collectors to get the Greeks to start paying what they are supposed to :)

          seriously, Greece is not the problem, nor the model for America.

          Great Britain went bankrupt after WW1, and truly bankrupt after WW2.

          Still standing. Pity about those confiscatory inheritance taxes, but most of those stately homes muddle through as tourist attractions.

          Might want to read Michael Lewis on Greece. Vanity Fair excerpt from his book “Boomerang”

          funny how it always leads back to Goldman Sachs….but the Greeks do NOT pay their taxes, unlike most Americans.

          • http://908StraightSt.wordpress.com/ mbecker908

            German tax collectors are too busy trying to track German money that’s been going into Lichtenstein for years.

          • jakeofalltrades

            Would the Germans even want it?

          • lizzie

            and I do believe that the presence of some German tax collectors in Greece triggered some of the protests.

            Not that Greeks need a reason to protest.

            Good thing Greek Cyprus has natural gas.

            Plus, I always thought it was a good idea for the Summer Olympics to have a permanent home in Greece – big chunk of this debt was to pay for that splendid, now not used, infrastructure.

            acat asked about firearms? probably not – one of the huge problems for Europe is the EU bureaucracy.
            or maybe the Greeks hide their guns, too.

            Greece is not the problem.

            The USA is the problem. I am certainly willing to trade California to China.

            I remember when the idea was floated to force Mexico to sell Baja to Japan for their retirees.

            The #1 problem is when Americans think you can have a currency without a Central Bank. Which is why Ron Paul is so dangerous.

            100% of the whole system is CONFIDENCE.
            Destroy the Federal reserve system, and panic everywhere.

            sorry – I caught Bill Kristol on C-Span, and, (no affection for him), in one breath he said Ron Paul should leave the GOP because of his foreign policy/national security ideas, and, then,
            in almost the next breath, Kristol said maybe we should dismantle the Fed.

            good thing I have enough people tuna for a year. America has gone crazy.

          • lizzie

            and I do believe that the presence of some German tax collectors in Greece triggered some of the protests.

            Not that Greeks need a reason to protest.

            Good thing Greek Cyprus has natural gas.

            Plus, I always thought it was a good idea for the Summer Olympics to have a permanent home in Greece – big chunk of this debt was to pay for that splendid, now not used, infrastructure.

            acat asked about firearms? probably not – one of the huge problems for Europe is the EU bureaucracy.
            or maybe the Greeks hide their guns, too.

            Greece is not the problem.

            The USA is the problem. I am certainly willing to trade California to China.

            I remember when the idea was floated to force Mexico to sell Baja to Japan for their retirees.

            The #1 problem is when Americans think you can have a currency without a Central Bank. Which is why Ron Paul is so dangerous.

            100% of the whole system is CONFIDENCE.
            Destroy the Federal reserve system, and panic everywhere.

            sorry – I caught Bill Kristol on C-Span, and, (no affection for him), in one breath he said Ron Paul should leave the GOP because of his foreign policy/national security ideas, and, then,
            in almost the next breath, Kristol said maybe we should dismantle the Fed.

            good thing I have enough people tuna for a year. America has gone crazy.

          • trevorb

            it’s not our fault we’ve spent ourselves into the ground! it’s those evil germans!

  • http://www.redstateeclectic.com enrique

    Not a single presidential candidate (well maybe Ron Paul but his chances of winning are next to nil) wants to make significant cuts. Very few in Congress do either. We will certainly follow the same path as Greece but we have more wealth to slowly bleed away for years.

    As long as the country refuses to not give up its bloated domestic policy and bloated and active military we have no exit but bankruptcy. No amount of red or blue legislative bodies will change that.

  • Death_of_the_Donkey

    So long as we don’t give up the dollar, we will not become Greece. We can always print money if we need to and inflate away our debt (not an ideal solution, but better than Greece).

    As to the point, we do not have to make any drastic cuts today, but simply have to reign in future spending and increase future revenues enough to balance out over about a 10 year span or so. When you can borrow for 30 years at less than 3% interest, the end is not nigh. As a matter of fact, drastic cuts would have the opposite effect you are looking for, as they would lead to less growth (see Greece), which is then followed by more cuts (ie a negative feedback loop).

    What we need is a plan that addresses our demographic problems and an honest discussion with Americans about the care and support of the elderly and the cost/who is gonna pay for it.

    • jakeofalltrades

      The world will eventually retaliate in ways that won’t be pleasant.

      • Death_of_the_Donkey

        the world still relies on our food and no one is going to invade us. Again, it isn’t ideal, but we are not Greece.

        • jakeofalltrades

          We would not be able to import anymore without foreign currency if we lose our reserve currency status, and if you haven’t noticed, we always run a huge trade deficit.

  • BillC

    Leon, My background is economics and I understand what we are going through. Before I explain let me say that I subscribe to the Austrian model but I am not a Paulnut. Ron Paul is dangerous because he has correctly predicted what got us into this mess but he is so wrong on most other issues. (A little like the followers of L. Ron Hubbard, but I digress.)

    We are going through deflation because of an overbuilding of homes during the housing bubble. The value of homes is falling, slowly, which is producing a drag on the economy. How big of a drag?

    GDP = C(onsumption) + I(nvestment) + G(overnment spending) + N(et exports).

    GDP is growing at about 2.5%, optimistically, However, Net G is growing at about 9%. ($1.4T deficit = 9% of GDP, roughly.) Plug the numbers into the equation, I am ignoring exports, and you can see that C is down about 6.5%.

    If we balance the budget we take 9% out of GDP growth and we get -6.5%. That would be a bad recession. Another course of action is to allow housing prices to fall to their market clearing rate then they would not be such a big drag on the economy. Of course, that fall in housing would be a short term fall in consumption and we can only guess at how far that would be. (IMHO, this is what the next president will do. Look for a severe recession in 2013-14.) Either way we get a recession.

    One way to mitigate this fall in GDP is to spur growth in the only industry which can take up the slack of the falling housing market. That industry is energy. More domestic energy production would produce jobs at home, act as a huge tax cut for Americans, and potential make the world safer by reducing funds to the worlds worst regimes. IOW, it is a no brainer. To all of those ninnies who say that this oil would not be online for 5-10 years I say that markets anticipate and if they are certain that a huge new supply of energy is coming we traders will be loath to be long CL futures.

    There is going to be some pain and uncertainty. Gov’t spending must be cut, housing prices will fall as inventory is sold, but we have a way to mitigate those effects and we will come out of this experience with a stronger economy. Perhaps an economy built on growth rather than credit. But that is for my diary which I will post as soon as I am approved. Hint, hint. :-)

    • carolina

      BO’s Keynesian policies are not helping.
      I look forward to your diary!

    • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

      Neither do I, your explanation for our recent deflation is about as good as any, but I don’t think there is any deflation anymore, in fact if you consider the big recent jump in commodities there is plenty of inflation.

      Growth is certainly a necessary step to get us out of our crises, but it is not sufficient. We can’t just grow our way out of this one, it is too big.

      If (and I am not hopeful at all) We do not, in the next two years, slash government spending by at least 8-10 % with a hard freeze on actual outlays, then we will soon reach a point where the cost to finance the debt becomes a major factor.

      When you reach that point (like Greece and Spain) then you are like a dog chasing it’s own tail, any increase in revenues cannot even keep pace with the growth in debt service.

      We also will have to increase revenues somehow. Although tax increases are alarming during a recession, there are ways to do it that would not have a major impact. User fees for government services, increasing co-payments for medicare, just a few minor things can bring in tens of billions in revenue.

      But I am not sanguine about our chances, not with the economically illiterate leadership, quite frankly, in both parties.
      I suspect that the whole damn thing will have to collapse like a house of cards before we get serious and the people realize that you cannot create a good society on a mountain of debt.

      • BillC

        Kyle8, When I am talking about deflation I mean asset price deflation specifically housing. I divide inflation between consumer price inflation driven by wages and asset price inflation driven by speculation in one or more assets. All inflation comes from too much money chasing to few goods. (The Fed is to blame for this. Again, not a Paultard, just a guy who believes the Austrian school of economics has most of it right.)

        I don’t want to get into a really long boring explanation, I’ll save that for my diary, The Fed’s easy money policies drove a bubble in internet stocks that ended in 2000 and then it caused the housing bubble. Both asset bubbles were people chasing rising prices in a particular asset prices without regard to historical measures of value or income to asset price ratios. A mania is the best description. Why asset prices and not wages? Largely because of the fall of the USSR which opened up pools of labor all over the world and has been a relentless force against wages rising for 20 years.

        Back to asset deflation. The after effect of the housing bubble has been a negative wealth effect. This is why interest rates are so low. It is also why the Fed is not fearing them rising any time soon. In a catch 22, deflation keeps interest rates low so that the gov’t can borrow more which crowds out private investment which keeps the economy from improving. That is the dynamic at work right now and why keeping interest rates low will not help the economy. So where does the money, better to say credit, go? It looks for another asset to chase. In 2008 that asset became oil and that is why food prices rose. Oil lead all commodity prices higher and that put a real squeeze on the middle class.

        In summary, as long as housing remains moribund the economy will. The Fed can keep interest rates low but nobody borrows money to buy a depreciating asset.

        • http://impudent.edublogs.org/ kyle8

          have gone up, partially because of low returns on other investments, but the main commodity to increase is gold.

          But another reason for the rise in commodity prices is inflation, as we are finally seeing the effect, even in a slumping economy of all the money printing going on, as well as quantitative easing.

          Working against that tendency is the fact that despite our sucky economy we are still doing better than the other nations, so that the dollar has risen in value in comparison to other currencies.

          It seems that in a land of suck, we suck the least.

          The Fed is doing funny things and trying to manipulate the markets. They are paying banks for their deposits so there is no incentive to lend. I really don’t think they know what they are doing.

    • lizzie

      except housing can recover if it had become so difficult for buyers to qualify for mortgages in 2011.
      Whether it was Dodd-Frank or some other regulatory over-reaction, suddenly it got much harder in 2011 than it was in 1991, when mortgage rates finally fell below 10% for the first time since 1978.

      I have two “homes” at the bottom of very desirable, very underbuilt markets.
      Started offering seller financing where I have no mortgage, where it is cheaper to buy than rent, but buyer confidence just disappeared last June over the debt ceiling debate, about to resume tomorrow!

      I was waiting on the small house with a mortgage for two neighbors to sell (selfish neighbors!). The neighbor who had way overpaid in 2006 waned to move to a condo, and finally sold in October 2011, after 1-1/2 years. No market here in winter, so now I am forced to sell in spring, while still selling the cheap pre-war in NYC.

      at which point, I am going to be homeless, but at least i will be free of all this unecessary stress caused by absence of confidence.

      I digress, but I used to forecast the US economy for an intermediate goods manufacturing segment, and the only way to grow jobs is 1) energy, and 2) housing.

      One of the reasons I am forced to sell this house is because I refuse to use any more savings to keep it in good repair, and I probably need a new car.

      Bank of America is using me to boost their profits, at the expense of freeing up money that I would spend on housing repair/replacement, all 100% in the USA.

      • BillC

        I am trying to sell a house in Northern Illinois. I got lucky, actually I was smart, and bought in the spring of 2009. My wife and i decided we wanted to move to warmer climes. Anyhoo, we have a few offers to rent to own but no outright buyers so I think we might self finance.

        I plan on getting into real estate significantly in a couple of years. This climate is the opportunity of a lifetime.

  • http://908StraightSt.wordpress.com/ mbecker908

    And that’s “D” as in “default”. From Zerohedge:

    It’s all over but the crying at least as far as Greece is concerned. First, it was S&P’s Kraemer telling Bloomberg yesterday the country is finished, now today for dramatic impact, we get Fitch’s repeating the doom and gloom, stating that the country will likely default before its March 20 payment. From Bloomberg: “Greece is insolvent and will default on its debts, Fitch Ratings Managing Director Edward Parker said. The euro area?s most indebted country is unlikely to be able to honor a March 20 bond payment of 14.5 billion euros ($18 billion)…

    Gonna get nasty.

    • jakeofalltrades

      … loading German factories on railways and carting them back to France for debt payment…

  • Risky

    Good piece there. This is the big issue and needs to get out there on the front page more and more often.

    America has the huge advantage of being the principal reserve currency and this has kept borrowing costs subdued but to take this for granted and carry on with politics as usual is to play a high stakes game with the future of the country. That borrowing costs have stayed low despite the deficit and the downgrade shouldn’t be taken as a sign that these things won’t hit you in the medium term. To a large extent the Dollar remains the reserve currency partly because there isn’t anywhere else to go given the situation in Europe and Japan.

    Here in the UK the politics ran very differently as the budget problems became an election issue and the electorate left us with a Conservative-Liberal* coalition that are imposing pretty significant public sector cuts in the hope of allowing a private sector recovery. The truth is that if the election had swung the other way it’s pretty certain that after another year or so of Keynesian spending we’d be on the path of downgrades and devaluation.

    I’m pretty worried that if Obama is left in office for another four years there isn’t any hope of progress and a weakened US is bad for the rest of the world in both economic and security terms. Even if you get a better man in the White House, some of the stuff that would really change the game such as a moving the retirement age, getting the government out of the housing market and rational taxation is going to be up against a lot of vested interests and knee-jerk political obstruction.

    Here we are a lot deeper in the hole but the politics has changed so far that the Labour** party is having to stop opposing every cut as they were losing credibility with the electorate. However the real difference here is that people mostly agree with this rather famous note:
    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7732661/Labours-warning-to-new-Government-theres-no-money-left.html

    * (for those unfamiliar with UK politics,our Liberal party is centrist, mostly centre-left, but sometimes centre-right at the same time! Labour is variably centre to far left.

  • marktx

    The majority of government spending comes from three areas.

    1) defense
    2) entitlements
    3) interest on the debt

    Republicans don’t want to touch defense spending, while democrats don’t want to touch entitlements. In fact, the last two presidents, Bush and Obama, created new entitlements to add to the debt.

    • Risky

      …then sooner of later 3 is going to increase.

      I don’t see the political will at the moment but what’s needed is to start with everything on the table and look to make savings across the board, no exceptions. This is what you have to do if you have your own business, look at everything in the P&L and see if it’s justified.

      Looking at http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/piechart_2012_US_fed (not how good these that are but please correct me) you have Defence, Pensions and Healtcare at nearly 25% each. Unless you get a plan that gets savings in each of them it’s not going to do much.

      I just hoep America decides it doesn’t want to get to the point the UK was at before it acts.

    • Risky

      …then sooner of later 3 is going to increase.

      I don’t see the political will at the moment but what’s needed is to start with everything on the table and look to make savings across the board, no exceptions. This is what you have to do if you have your own business, look at everything in the P&L and see if it’s justified.

      Looking at http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/piechart_2012_US_fed (not how good these that are but please correct me) you have Defence, Pensions and Healtcare at nearly 25% each. Unless you get a plan that gets savings in each of them it’s not going to do much.

      I just hoep America decides it doesn’t want to get to the point the UK was at before it acts.