‘Why does my gas cost $4.00 per gallon?’


Everybody is asking that question these days. The average nationwide price for all grades this week is $3.96/gallon; Californians are paying on average $4.26, the highest in the nation.

Why does it cost so much, especially considering that the price was below $2.00/gallon just within the last couple of years?

Nearly seventy percent of the price of a gallon of retail gasoline is the price of the crude oil it is refined from. Two graphs from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) make that point. The first shows the price of a gallon of gasoline (left axis) plotted against the price of a gallon of crude oil (right axis). The two move in virtual lock-step; if you know the crude oil price per gallon, add $1.00 and you’ll know the price of gasoline within a few cents. (At $105 per 42-gallon barrel, the per-gallon price of crude is $2.50; add a buck, and you get a gasoline price around $3.50.)

OK, so where does the $1.00 go that’s not paying for the raw product?

Nationwide, the average of state and federal taxes embedded into the price of a gallon of gasoline is 43 cents. We usually think of taxes the other way around, as with sales taxes. If you look at it that way, the effective “sales tax” on gasoline is 13.6%.

But as the next graphic shows, tax burdens vary greatly by state. Californians pay as much as they do at the pump largely because of the difference in state taxes. On top of that, California and a few other jurisdictions levy their tax as a percentage of the sales price (exactly like a sales tax), so that the California state treasury benefits handsomely from a higher gasoline price. (That’s not true in most jurisdictions, where the state tax is a fixed rate per gallon. Also, the tax burden shown in the graphic includes 18.4 cents per gallon in Federal taxes which apply to us all.)

Chances are the next network news report you see concerning high gasoline prices will come from one of the high-tax states on this map.

That leaves about 53 cents per gallon of your retail price that go toward the “downstream” end of the business: refining and marketing. Whether or not that’s a fair price to pay for these services is probably a story for another diary (or another diarist!), but it would be fair to say that the financial returns in the downstream end of the energy business have not been consistently impressive.

$4.00 for a gallon seems expensive, relative to what we are accustomed to paying. But a fair economic analysis of the value of the product must include its utility. A gallon of gas can transport four or more people in relative comfort 20 or more miles, and they can go when and how they wish to go. What is the value of that?

From the perspective of a producer (the “upstream” of the business), it is difficult and expensive to replace a gallon of gasoline in inventory. The price should be high enough to discourage waste, and high enough to reflect the true replacement cost of the resource. Increasingly hostile government policies regarding domestic exploration only increase the cost and difficulty of replacing reserves. An administration which threatens higher taxes on exploration and development dampens drilling plans. Supply tightens, prices go up. The cycle continues.

One last point — even at $4.00, it is difficult to name a liquid product which is cheaper per unit volume than gasoline.

Cross-posted at stevemaley.com.
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20 Comments Leave a comment

My father was once fond of asking people if they thought gas or milk would hit $2/gal first ... [nt]

acat (Diary) Tuesday, May 3rd at 5:43PM EDT (link)

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Caveat Suffragator

Kowalski. Gas: $4.41/gal, milk (2%) $3.29. [nt]

acat (Diary) Tuesday, May 3rd at 8:53PM EDT (link)

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Caveat Suffragator

 
 

No New Drilling Act of 2011

tokm908 (Diary) Tuesday, May 3rd at 6:50PM EDT (link)

You know what doesn’t bring down fuel prices? Leftist Congressman like NJ’s Frank Pallone. On January 11, 2011 he sponsored the, ‘No new drilling Act of 2011′. Pallone also sits on the ‘Natural Resources committee’.

Here is a link to the proposed legislation: http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h112-261

NJ has Christie, but has a LOOOOng way to go…

When a man assumes a public trust he should consider himself a public property.
–Thomas Jefferson

 

I filled up last night

nancylee Tuesday, May 3rd at 7:13PM EDT (link)

The cheapest station in town charged $4.19 a gallon for the cheapest gas. The Hi-octane was $4.85.

You must be in CT...

karatetraining Wednesday, May 4th at 8:07AM EDT (link)

3rd highest tax state for gasoline!!

KarateTraining.org
Teaching America to defend itself one person at a time.

 
 

Inflation -- $ i$ Down

drfredc Tuesday, May 3rd at 8:41PM EDT (link)

One prime reason gas costs so much is all the funny money that the Obamacrats and our First Blue President have printed up. Ditto for the stock market. And Gold, And Silver. And food’s going that way.

In fact, if you track all these things together over the past few years, they closely track each other. The DOW stock market bottomed out just after Obama took office at 6k, it’s around 12k now. Gas $2, now $4, etc, etc…

Let us not forget that one silly goal of the Green Obamacrats is to make the cost of carbon energy closer to the cost of ‘green energy’. The easy way to get there is to inflate the cost of $ to import oil and shut down domestic sources as much as possible. It’s not rocket science — it’s political science at work.

Always, Fred C

True. Crude oil is traded in dollars...

Steve Maley (Diary) Tuesday, May 3rd at 8:46PM EDT (link)

…so the price must go up if a foreign producer is to be kept whole in his local currency.

The blogger formerly known as ‘Vladimir’.

 
 

Former US Congressman Martin Frost on Obama ending oil tax breaks

6eorge Jetson (Diary) Tuesday, May 3rd at 11:09PM EDT (link)

h/t Mark Levin radio show tonight, sourced elsewhere here

And according to Democrat from Texas Martin Frost, the four billion Obama’s been talking about hasn’t gone to the “big” oil companies since 1975.

I’m a supporter of the president. I’m concerned that he’s going to lose credibility on this oil and gas issue, because he’s not telling the truth, entirely.

What he is saying is that you need to eliminate four billion dollars worth of tax breaks for major oil companies because major oil companies have obscene profits. The problem with this is that one of the big tax breaks that he’s citing, percentage depletion, was repealed by congress in 1975, thirty-six years, as it affects major oil companies.

The only ones that get percentage depletion any more are domestic independents, who drill most of the wells in the United States and employ four million people.

Frost claims to be worried that if people find out “the president is not telling the truth about the depletion allowance, that it doesn’t go to the major oil companies, he’s going to have some additional problems in the polls.”

It may still be a good idea to simplify the tax code so that independents don’t have to hire tax experts to reduce their tax burden, but we do need to understand what the current effects are if we expect to make any positive changes. If we don’t know what we’re changing, we can’t expect good results.

This is part of why it’s important, when we talk about ending subsidies, or ending loopholes, or ending deductions, to reform the entire system. When we focus on one particular subsidy or deduction, we become susceptible to lobbyists, who will lobby to ensure that it’s the other guy’s subsidies and deductions that get cut. This naturally puts the bigger companies in the position of being able to hurt smaller companies who can’t afford as many lobbyists and lawyers. In this case, Obama has been convinced by someone that he needs to hurt “independent oil”, which will naturally benefit “big oil”.

What Obama wrote

Our outdated tax laws currently provide the oil and gas industry more than $4 billion per year in these subsidies, even though oil prices are high and the industry is projected to report outsized profits this quarter. In fact, in the past CEO’s of the major oil companies made it clear that high oil prices provide more than enough profit motive to invest in domestic exploration and production without special tax breaks.

What Obama omitted from that last sentence

In fact, in the past CEO’s of the major oil companies made it clear that high oil prices provide more than enough profit motive to invest in domestic exploration and production without special tax breaks for the major oil companies’ smaller, independent competitors.

Now, refresh my memory. Which winning 2008 Presidential Candidate received $1 million in donations from BP?


Click to see full size image

consistency

garylee123 Wednesday, May 4th at 11:50AM EDT (link)

So to remain consistent on the tax breaks and subsidies, we should stop the money for ethanol also. Using our food supply for fuel is soooo smart. Besides, all this conversation does is take away from GE not paying any taxes. Why?

 
 

You forgot the cost...

karatetraining Wednesday, May 4th at 8:12AM EDT (link)

of the vehicle that will carry the 4 people those 20 some miles when rationalizing that it is cheap…

“A gallon of gas can transport four or more people in relative comfort 20 or more miles, and they can go when and how they wish to go. What is the value of that?”

Your analysis should also address what the price of crude would be if we were drilling our own soil.

This article while factual seems to have a blue state twist. We should be thankful our gas is so affordable, I mean look at Europe! You should have delved into the hidden taxes within the cost of refining, etc.

KarateTraining.org
Teaching America to defend itself one person at a time.

I look forward to your diary on the topic. nt

Steve Maley (Diary) Wednesday, May 4th at 10:01AM EDT (link)

The blogger formerly known as ‘Vladimir’.

 
 

$4.00 gas!!!

mickeydpekinil Wednesday, May 4th at 8:47AM EDT (link)

Steve Maley seems to believe gas is way too cheap and we reap way too many benifits from its use.
Lets consider why he thinks that;
He was born into a family that belongs to OPEC and believes all Americans are to be robbed at his pleasure.
OR,
He was born into ownership of BP or Exon and believes all Americans are to be robbed at his pleasure.
But then again, he is probably just another democrat who can’t get a job at the NYT and getting a handout from Redstate to produce stupit ideas.
Excuse me Redstate, why?
Mick

Just wow, Mickey. Your intellect is truly dizzying.. and a little nauseating.

acat (Diary) Wednesday, May 4th at 9:44AM EDT (link)

Your first mistake is thinking that Red State provides handouts. If so, I want to know why I wasn’t told.

Your second is assuming someone has to be born into the right family or commit robbery to be a success. Disturbingly anti-american thoughts, Mickey.

Your third mistake is in misunderstanding the nature of any profits BP or Exxon/Mobile, or Royal Dutch Shell produce. Go ahead and figure out what percentage of the gas sold they produce – their market share should be a reasonable proxy, and then figure out the total gas sold… and the profit per gallon is pretty pocking small… and you think they’re stealing.

Your fourth mistake is confusing Steve with a Dem. I can understand, based on the above, how you may manage to not notice that he’s a front page author on a conservative and republican web site.

I don’t think, based on your addled mental state, that you’ll last long here. You may do well at a state university, unfortunately.

Mew

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Caveat Suffragator

 

Boxing with an armless man.

Steve Maley (Diary) Wednesday, May 4th at 10:22AM EDT (link)

Petroleum is a uniquely valuable resource that is expensive to find and produce. To the extent that NIMBYism rules the day in our land, we are waaaay too dependent on foreign countries for its supply. My point is that the price of it should be high enough to encourage the consumer to make an economic choice in its use. $4 seems to be about the price where people start altering their consumption habits: car pooling, taking public transport, or cutting back on leisure driving.

I’ll remind you that in 1999 oil traded as low as $10 per barrel. Prices were generally low from 1985 until 2004. They were too low to encourage its replacement; instead, oil companies consolidated and streamlined instead of drilling to expand supplies. People built their lifestyles on the presumption of cheap fuel, without any concern about where it was actually coming from, or the devil’s bargain we were making in becoming increasingly dependent on OPEC et al. That’s why we’re in this pickle.

That, and the selfish greed of the corn ethanol interests in places like Pekin, IL. Please, spare me.

P.S. Spell check is your friend. It can’t make your ideas any more rational, but it can help you seem like you at least know what a dictionary is.

The blogger formerly known as ‘Vladimir’.

 
 

Good post, Steve

Plumb_Bob (Diary) Wednesday, May 4th at 10:49AM EDT (link)

I wrote something very similar at the beginning of the last surge in gasoline prices, back in 2008. I even used the gas pump graphic from the EIA. People need to be reminded that the price of oil is the result of market forces, not the result of “price-gouging” by “greedy” oil companies.

There are actually three major reasons why the price of crude is so high: (1) high demand esp. from the Asian rim, (2) disruptive events in oil-producing countries, and (3) a weak dollar, since the dollar is the currency used in oil trading.

It is also useful to note, as the boys at Powerline did recently, how little control Big Oil holds over crude oil prices. Exxon-Mobil produces less than 3% of the world’s crude oil from oil fields that they own, which is far too little to exert any control over market prices. All the big boys in the crude oil market are government-run oil companies: ARAMCO (Saudi Arabia), PETROBRAS (Brazil), PDVSA (Venezuela), and so forth. And no one of them controls enough production to actually control the price of oil, though any of them can affect it. The companies that the brainless liberals call “Big Oil” are actually net purchasers of crude oil: they have to purchase more for their refineries than they pump from wells that they own.

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We will not have a righteous government again until we become a righteous nation again.

(A collection of my political essays from 2008-2010 can be found at www.plumbbobblog.com. All visitors welcome.)

 

And yet the idiot politicians don't get it

southernilpat Wednesday, May 4th at 11:10AM EDT (link)

Illinois’ esteemed governor continually raises taxes and bemoans the exodus of revenue. I live in far southern Illinois and can easily go into MO or KY to get gas. KY gas is always at least 30 cents a gallon cheaper, their sales tax is 6% to Illinois’ 8% (with no sales tax on food) WHY would I buy in Illinois?

WHY would I buy in Illinois?

melbedewy (Diary) Wednesday, May 4th at 2:10PM EDT (link)

To support the cronies in Springfield and the welfare leeches in Shi*cago.

 

Why buy in Illinois?

utahrepublican Wednesday, May 4th at 3:52PM EDT (link)

‘Cause da Union says its better fo’ ya health. Know what I mean?

 

WHY would I buy in Illinois?

rvakristian Wednesday, May 4th at 6:27PM EDT (link)

The question that comes to my mind, is why would you LIVE in Illinois? I grew up in the western ‘burbs of Chicago, moved to VA in ’94, went back for school in ’99, remembered just how awful it is there and promptly moved back to VA as soon as I graduated. I couldn’t be happier with that decision.

Happy for you. Hope to join you in leaving...

acat (Diary) Wednesday, May 4th at 6:35PM EDT (link)

I just need to figure out some way to get out from under my house that doesn’t pock my credit *too* badly .. or get to a point where I no longer need good credit.

Mew

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